Gastropoda Stromboidea | People / Gijs Kronenberg

Gijs C. Kronenberg (^*1957) started looking at strombs about 30 years ago. This lead to the publication together with the late Jan Berkhout of a popular review in Dutch of Strombidae in the loose-leaf edition of Vita Marina (Kronenberg & Berkhout, 1984). After a few more papers on Stromboidea, focus changed to other families of gastropods, including Xenophoridae (which may turn out to be Stromboideans, as suggested by L.R.L. Simone, 2005 and S. Kiel & M. del Carmen Perrilliat, 2001) Personidae and Columbellidae, in the supposition that taxonomy of Stromboidea was clearified.

However, after restudying specimens it turned out that this is not the case. This has resulted in an ongoing study of especially Strombidae and Rostellariidae (the latter recognised as a family closely related, but distinguished from Strombidae). Studies are undertaken partially alone, partially in cooperation with others, both malacologists and palaeontologists.

Main focuses of interest are taxonomy and phylogeny of Strombidae and Rostellariidae.

He has served in the editorial board of Vita Marina from Vol. 41 (1991) onwards till it stopped in 2001. He then joined the editorial staff of it's "successor" Vita Malacologica from No1. onwards, and starting with Vol. 73 he has joined the editorial staff of Basteria, the scientific journal of the Netherlands Malacological Society.

The Netherlands Malacological Society with the journals Vita Malacologica and Basteria

List of Publications on Stromboidea, including Xenophoridae, by Gijs C. Kronenberg

1984: [dated 1981] Kronenberg, G.C. & Berkhout, J.: Strombidae. – Vita Marina 31(1-6): buikpotigen 263-362, pls. 1-9.
1986a: Kronenberg, G.C. & Berkhout, J.: Strombidae II: addenda & corrigenda. – Vita Marina 36(1-3): buikpotigen 363-368.
1986b: Kronenberg, G.C.: An extension of the range of Strombus (Dolomena) plicatus plicatus (Röding, 1789) (Gastropoda: Strombidae). – Basteria 50(4-6):151-154.
1988a: Kronenberg, G.C.: Strombus (Canarium) cf. ochroglottis Abbott, 1960 van Sri Lanka. – Correspondentieblad van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging 240: 388-389.
1988b: Kronenberg, G.C. & Goud, J.: Xenophoridae, een overzicht van alle recent voorkomende soorten (I). – Vita Marina 38(4-6): buikpotigen 457-480
1989: Kronenberg, G.C. & Goud, J.: Xenophoridae, een overzicht van alle recent voorkomende soorten (II). – Vita Marina 39(1-2): buikpotigen 481-494.
1991: Kronenberg, G.C.: Strombus (Canarium) ochroglottis betuleti, a new subspecies from Sri Lanka with a short note on the distribution of S. (C.) mutabilis Swainson, 1821. – Gloria Maris 30(4): 53-58.
1992: Kronenberg, G.C.: The Recent species of the family Aporrhaidae. – Vita Marina 41(2): 73-84.
1993: Kronenberg, G.C.: On the identity of Lambis wheelwrighti Greene, 1978 and L. arachnoides Shikama, 1971. – Vita Marina 42(2): 41-56.
1997: Kronenberg, G.C.& Kamphuis, A.: Does Strombus peruvianus Swainson, 1823, live off the coast of Baja California Sur? – The Festivus 29(2): 14.
1998: Kronenberg, G.C.: Revision of Euprotomus Gill, 1870. 1. The systematic position of Strombus listeri Gray, 1852 (Gastropoda Prosobranchia: Strombidae). – Vita Marina 45(3-4): 1-6.
1999a: Kronenberg, G.C.: Revision of Euprotomus Gill, 1870. 2. On the identity of Strombus hirasei Kuroda, 1942 (Gastropoda Prosobranchia: Strombidae). – The Festivus 31(6): 63-67.
1999b: Kronenberg, G.C.: Enkele opmerkingen met betrekking tot de Strombus-soort uit de Middellandse Zee. – Correspondentieblad van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging 309: 91-93.
1999c: Kreipl, K., Alf , A. & Kronenberg G.C. 1999. A new subgenus of the family Xenophoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda). – Spixiana 22(2): 179-180.
2000a: Kronenberg, G.C.: & Dekker, H.: A nomenclatural note on Strombus wilsoni Abbott, 1967, and Strombus wilsonorum Petuch, 1994, with the introduction of Strombus praeraninus nom. nov. (Gastropoda, Strombidae). – Basteria 64 (1-3): 5-6.
2000b: Kronenberg, G.C.: Strombus gigas bewerkt tot steekwapen: bestaat dat echt? – Correspondentieblad van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging 317: 145-147.
2002a: Kronenberg, G.C.: Addendum to a revision of Euprotomus Gill, 1870. 2a. On the identity of Strombus hirasei Kuroda, 1942 (Gastropoda Prosobranchia: Strombidae). – The Festivus 34(9): 110.
2002b: Kronenberg, G.C. & Burger, A.W.: On the subdivision of recent Tibia-like gastropods (Gastropoda: Stromboidea) with the recognition of the family Rostellariidae, Gabb, 1868 and a note on the spelling of a species. – Vita Malacologica 1: 39-48.
2002c: Kronenberg, G.C. & Vermeij, G.J.: Terestrombus and Tridentarius, new genera of Indo-Pacific Strombidae (Gastropoda), with comments on included taxa and on shell characters in Strombidae. – Vita Malacologica 1: 49-54
2002d: Kronenberg, G.C.: Revision of Euprotomus Gill, 1870. 3. Description of Euprotomus aurora spec. nov. from the Indian Ocean (Gastropoda, Strombidae). – Vita Malacologica 1: 55-60.
2004: Willan, R.C. & Kronenberg, G.C.: Rectification of nomenclature for two species in the family Strombidae (Gastropoda). – Basteria 67(4-6): 153-157.
2005a: Kronenberg, G.C. & Lee, H.G.: Strombus granulatus Swainson, 1822 (Gastropoda: Strombidae), a very variable species, including a note on homonymy with Strombus granulatus Röding, 1798 (Gastropoda: Cerithiidae). – The Festivus 37(3): 31-35.
2005b: Kronenberg, G.C.: Nogmaals Strombus gigas bewerkt tot steekwapen. – Spirula 343: 57.
2005c: : Kronenberg, G.C. & Dharma, B.: New distributional records for four species of Stromboidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Australasia. – The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 21: 47-51.
2006: Burger, A.W. & Kronenberg, G.C.: The occurrence of Ectinochilus Cossmann, 1889 (Gastropoda; Strombidae) in New Zealand, with the description of two new Eocene species. – Molluscan Research 26(2): 77-83.
2007: Kronenberg, G.C. & Lee, H.G.: Genera of American strombid gastropods (Gastropoda: Strombidae) and remarks on their phylogeny. – The Veliger 49(4): 256-264.
2008a: Kronenberg, G.C.: Born’s strombs (Mollusca: Gastropoda), with some notes on Strombus succinctus Linnaeus, 1767. – Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie B, 109: 51 – 66.
2008b: : Landau, B., Kronenberg, G.C. & Herbert, G.: A large new species of Lobatus (Gastropoda: Strombidae) from the Neogene of the Dominican Republic, with notes on the genus. – The Veliger 50(1): 31-38.
2008c: Kronenberg, G.C.: Family Rostellariidae. [in]. Poppe, G. [ed.]. Philippine marine mollusks. I, Gastropoda 1: 512, pl. 201. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, Germany.
2008d: Kronenberg, G.C.:Family Strombidae. [in]. Poppe, G. [ed.]. Philippine marine mollusks. I, Gastropoda 1: 514-570, pls 202-230. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, Germany.
2008e: Kronenberg, G.C.:Family Seraphsidae. [in]. Poppe, G. [ed.]. Philippine marine mollusks. I, Gastropoda 1: 572, pl. 231. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, Germany.
2008f: Harzhauser, M. & Kronenberg, G.C.: A Note on Strombus coronatus Defrance, 1827 and Strombus coronatus Röding, 1798 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). – The Veliger 50(2): 120-128.
2008g: Kronenberg, G.C.: An intergeneric hybrid (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Strombidae) with remarks on the subdivision of Indo-Pacific Tricornis. – Basteria 72 (4-6): 331-343.
2009a: Kronenberg, G.C., Liverani, V. & Dekker, H.: On the identity of Strombus coniformis Sowerby II, 1842 (Gastropoda, Strombidae) with additional notes on its distribution. – Journal of Conchology 39(6): 659-668.
2009b. Kronenberg, G.C.: A note on Bandel's 2007 review of the classification and phylogeny of the Strombidae (Caenogastropoda). – Basteria 73(1-3): 65-67.
2010: Landau B.M., Kronenberg, G.C., & da Silva, C.M. A new species of Lobatus (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Strombidae) from the Neogene of the Dominican Republic, with notes on further species from the Dominican assemblages. – Basteria 74(4-6): 95-109.
2011a: Landau B.M., Kronenberg, G.C., Herbert, G.H., & da Silva, C.M.: The genus Strombus (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Strombidae) in the Neogene of the Bocas del Toro area, Panama, with the description of three new species. – Journal of Palaeontology 85(2): 337-352.
2011b: Kronenberg, G.C.: Lobatus gigas (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda, Strombidae) in Shark Bay? – Spirula 379: 37.
2011c: Kronenberg, G.C.:Family Strombidae Rafinesque, 1815 – review and comments. [In] Severns, M. [ed.] Shells of the Hawaiian Islands - the Sea Shells 128-131, pls 48-49. Conchbooks, Hackenheim, Germany 1-562.
2012a: Kronenberg, G.C.: Gibberulus gibbosus (Röding, 1798) (Caenogastropoda: Strombidae) from the Islas Galápagos? – the Festivus 44( 4): 46-47.
2012b: Kronenberg, G.C. & Harzhauser, M.: Europrotomus (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Strombidae): a new Middle Miocene European strombid genus (Revision of Euprotomus Gill, 1870. Part 4). – Paläontologische Zeitschrift 86(2): 147-159. DOI 10.1007/s12542-011-0121-1.
2012c: Kronenberg, G.C.: Identifications for Stromboidea (Caenogastropoda) in the facsimile reprint of the Favanne de Montcervelle 1780 edition of “La Conchyliologie, ou Histoire naturelle …” by Dézallier d’Argenville. – Conchylia 42(1-4): 3-12.
2013a: Kronenberg, G.C.: First occurrence of putative hybridization in the genus Lobatus (Caenogastropda: Strombidae). – The Nautilus 127 (1): 36-39.
2013b: Harzhauser, M. & Kronenberg, G.C.: The Neogene Persististrombus-lineage (Gastropoda: Strombidae) in the Paratethys Sea. – Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 58 (4): 785-802.
2013c: Kronenberg G.C.: A specimen of Lobatus gigas (Caenogastropoda: Strombidae) with an abnormal eye. – Basteria 77 (4-6): 41-44.

Strombid taxa described:

Strombus (Canarium) ochroglottis betuleti Kronenberg, 1991
Mirabilistrombus Kronenberg, 1998
Strombus praeraninus Kronenberg & Dekker, 2000 nomen Novum pro Strombus wilsonorum Petuch, 1994 non Abbott, 1967
Terestrombus Kronenberg & Vermeij, 2002
Tridentarius Kronenberg & Vermeij, 2002
Euprotomus aurora Kronenberg, 2002
Ectinochilus trisfragmentum Burger & Kronenberg, 2006
Ectinochilus antipodarum Burger & Kronenberg, 2006
Persististrombus Kronenberg & Lee, 2007
Lobatus vokesae Landau, Kronenberg & Herbert, 2008
Lobatus pascaleae Landau, Kronenberg & da Silva, 2010
Strombus acanthospira Landau, Kronenberg, Herbert & Silva, 2011
Strombus elegantissimus Landau, Kronenberg, Herbert & Silva, 2011
Strombus vermeiji Landau, Kronenberg, Herbert & Silva, 2011
Europrotomus Kronenberg & Harzhauser, 2012
Persististrombus pannonicus Harzhauser & Kronenberg, 2013

Examples from Gijs Kronenbergs collection:

Barneystrombus kleckhamae (Cernohorsky, 1971); East of New Hanover Island, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea; dredged alive at 110m on rubble; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6302

Barneystrombus boholensis (Mühlhäusser, 1981); Bohol Island, Bohol Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; in nets at 100 fathoms; 1982; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5523

Specimen illustrated in Kronenberg & Berkhout, 1984, pl. V, fig. 8

Barneystrombus boholensis Mühlhäusser, 1981; Manado, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 3993

Barneystrombus boholensis (Mühlhäusser, 1981); Panglao Island, Bohol Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; in deep water with tangle nets; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 721

Barneystrombus boholensis (Mühlhäusser, 1981); Bohol Island, Bohol Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5526

Barneystrombus boholensis Mühlhäusser, 1981; Mauritius Island [Comment Kronenberg: Error!]; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5522

Barneystrombus boholensis Mühlhäusser, 1981; Panglao Island, Bohol Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5527

Barneystrombus boholensis Mühlhäusser, 1981; Panglao Island, Bohol Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5524

Euprotomus aratrum x bulla; hybrid form; off Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam; 1/2012; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6416

Euprotomus bulla x chrysostomus; hybrid form; Bohol Island, Bohol Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; by diver ar 10-15 m; 2012; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6421

Dolomena plicata (Röding, 1798); Ras Zafarana, Gulf of Suez, Egypt; 9/1992; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6323

Dolomena plicata (Röding, 1798); Sharm el Naga, Hurghada, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea; dead on beach, 70,7 mm; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5496

Strombus (Dolomena) plicatus plicatus (Roding, 1798); Ras Matarma, Gulg of Suez, Sinai, Egypt; dead on beach; 1969; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 713

Dolomena plicata (Röding, 1798); Red Sea; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5497

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Luzon Island, Calabarzon Region, Philippines; 1987; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5533

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); off Cordova, Mactan Island, Cebu Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; in deeper water; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 109

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Coron Island, Palawan Province, Mimaropa Region, Philippines; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 435

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Samar Island, Eastern Visayas Region, Philippines; 1968; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5528

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); New Caledonia, Melanesia; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1747

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); New Caledonia, Melanesia; by diver; 1989; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5534

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Murray Island, Coral Sea, Queensland State, north east Australia; 1973; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5532

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Port Hedland, Western Australia, Australia; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg, no. 1748

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); North West Isle, Queensland State, north east Australia; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5529

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Porabada, Papua New Guinea; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 992

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Puteri Island, Indonesia; at 4-10 ft in sand; 1983; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5531

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Puteri Island, Indonesia; at 4-10 ft in sand; 1983; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 905

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Bangka Island (Banka), Bangka-Belitung Province, Sumatra Island, Greater Sunda Islands, Indonesia; dead in net at about 20 fathoms; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5837

Dolomena cf. variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Philippines Islands; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 353

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Cebu Island, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; 1991; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 2341

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Bohol Island, Bohol Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1728

Dolomena variabilis (Swainson, 1820); Cebu Island, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; 1989; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 2224

Dolomena minima (Linnaeus, 1771); Cebu Island, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; beached; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5521

Dolomena minima (Linnaeus, 1771); near Honiara, Guadalcanal Island, Guadalcanal Province, Solomon Islands, south-western Pacific; by divers at 20 m; 1987; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5518

Dolomena minima (Linnaeus, 1771); New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea; at 20 ft by diver on black sand; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5519

Dolomena minima (Linnaeus, 1771); Port Vila, Efate Island, Vanuatu Archipelago (formerly New Hebrides), South Pacific Ocean; 1974; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5517

Dolomena minima (Linnaeus, 1771); Mele Beach, Efate Island, Vanuatu Archipelago (formerly New Hebrides), South Pacific Ocean; snorkeling at 3' to 5', making trails; 8/1999; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5985

Dolomena labiosa (Wood, 1828); Trincomalee, Eastern Province, Sri Lanka Island (formerly Ceylon); by local fisherman; 1987; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 814

Dolomena dilatata (Swainson, 1821; off Tanjung Pandan, Sumatera, Indonesia; in nets at 20 fathoms; 1997; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5826

Dolomena fennemai (Martin, 1899); middle Pliocene; Sangiran, Central Java, Java Island, Indonesia; 2004; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6286

Dolomena wienekei Wiersma & Monsecour, 2012; Paratype 2; Kimbe plantation, north coast New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea; on sand with sparse weed by diver; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6339

Dolomena cf. hickeyi (Willan, 2000); middle Pliocene; Sangiran, Central Java, Java Island, Indonesia; 2004; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6288

Dolomena pulchella (Reeve, 1851); Port Hedland, Western Australia, Australia; 1992; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5909

Dolomena columba (Lamarck, 1822); Mozambique; exColl. Jan Berkhout, Coll. Gjs Kronenberg no. 5503

Dolomena columba (Lamarck, 1822); off Nacala Bay, Mozambique; at 2-3 m, on sandy bottom with coral and algae; Coll. Gjs Kronenberg no. 1255

Dolomena columba (Lamarck, 1822); Nacala Bay, Mozambique; 1990; Coll. Gjs Kronenberg no. 2225

Dolomena columba (Lamarck, 1822); Naede(?), Mozambique; Coll. Gjs Kronenberg no. 5505

Dolomena columba (Lamarck, 1822); Zanzibar, Tanzania, East Africa; 8/1999; Coll. Gjs Kronenberg no. 5993

Dolomena columba (Lamarck, 1822); Vista do Mar Hotel, NW Bay, Mahe, Seychelles; 7/1983; Coll. Gjs Kronenberg no. 1405

Dolomena pulchella (Reeve, 1851); off Tanjung Pandan, Sumatera, Indonesia; in nets at 20 fathoms; 1997; Coll. Gjs Kronenberg no. 5825

Margistrombus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Gulf of Thailand; dredged in 30 fathoms; 1972; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5485

Margistrombus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Rameswaram, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu State, Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal, India; dredged; 1982; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 532

Margistrombus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Rameswaram, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu State, Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal, India; dredged; 1982; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5487

Margistrombus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Kilakarai, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu State, Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal, India; 1972; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5486

Margistrombus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Galle, Southern Province, Sri Lanka Island (formerly Ceylon); in shallow water; 1987; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5133

Margistrombus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Rhiau, Indonesia; collected at low tide; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 504

Margistrombus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Nicobar Archipelago, India, eastern Indian Ocean; 1969; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 119

Margistrombus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758); juvenile specimen; Noppharat Thara Beach, Krabi Province, Thailand, Andaman Sea; dead on beach; 1998; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5911

Margistrombus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Kauu Kwang, Koh Lanta, Krabi Province, Thailand, Andaman Sea; dead on beach; 2000; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6129

Margistrombus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Aran Cerin, Bay of Bengal; 1969; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5484

Margistrombus marginatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Devipattanay, Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu State, Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal, India; 1982; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 304

Margistrombus succinctus (Linnaeus, 1767); off Chennai (formerly Madras), Tamil Nadu State, Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal, India; dredged; 1978; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5492

Margistrombus succinctus (Linnaeus, 1767); off Chennai (formerly Madras), Tamil Nadu State, Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal, India; dredged; 1986; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1539

Margistrombus succinctus Linnaeus, 1767; off Chennai (formerly Madras), Tamil Nadu State, Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal, India; dredged; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 116

Margistrombus succinctus Linnaeus, 1767; off Chennai (formerly Madras), Tamil Nadu State, Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal, India; dredged; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 505

Margistrombus succinctus Linnaeus, 1767; off Chennai (formerly Madras), Tamil Nadu State, Coromandel Coast, Bay of Bengal, India; dredged off Madras; 1984; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5490

Margistrombus succinctus Linnaeus, 1767; Nicobar Archipelago, India, eastern Indian Ocean; 1971; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5489

Margistrombus succinctus (Linnaeus, 1767); off Ko Chan Island, near Kapoe, Andaman Sea, Thailand; in net at 30 fathoms; 1977; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 2774

Margistrombus succinctus (Linnaeus, 1767); off SW Singapore; at 28 m in shrimpers' nets; 1986; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5491

Margistrombus robustus (Sowerby 2nd, 1874); off Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam; in mud at 30 m; 2004; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6285

Margistrombus robustus (Sowerby 2nd, 1874); off Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam; 2005; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6315

Margistrombus robustus (Sowerby, 1874); off Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam; 2008; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6354

Margistrombus robustus (Sowerby 2nd, 1874); SW coast, Taiwan; dredged at 20-40 fathoms; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5488

Margistrombus robustus (Sowerby 2nd, 1874); SW coast, Taiwan; trawled at 30-40 fathoms; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 117

Margistrombus robustus (Sowerby 2nd, 1874); Ko Samui Island, Gulf of Thailand (formerly Gulf of Siam), Surat Thani Province, Thailand; 1991; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 2579

Margistrombus robustus (Sowerby 2nd, 1874); Bangka Island (Banka), Bangka-Belitung Province, Sumatra Island, Greater Sunda Islands, Indonesia; in net at about 20 fathoms; 1997; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5838

Margistrombus robustus (Sowerby 2nd, 1874); Hon Lon Island, Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam; at 10-12 m in sand, by scuba diver; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 3843

Margistrombus septimus (Duclos, 1844); Philippines Islands; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5495

Margistrombus septimus (Duclos, 1844); Mactan Island, Cebu Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; by diver in sand and weed; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1942

Margistrombus septimus (Duclos, 1844); Manila Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 118

Strombus blanci Tröndlé & Salvat, 2010; Paratype; ~120.000 YBP, Pleistocene; Niau Atoll, Tuomoto Archipelago, French Polynesia, South Pacific Ocean; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6387

Strombus blanci Tröndlé & Salvat, 2010; ~120.000 YBP, Pleistocene; Niau Atoll, Tuomoto Archipelago, French Polynesia, South Pacific Ocean; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6369

Conomurex fasciatus (Born, 1778); Ras Gemsa, 50 km north of Hurghada (27°39´N,33°36´E), west coast Gulf of Suez, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt; muddy flat merging into a sandy flat, both with stones and old coral blocks; 1988; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1480

Conomurex fasciatus, (Born, 1778); Port Sudan, Sudan, Red Sea; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1262

Tricornis taurus (Reeve, 1857); Hospital Point near Tumon Bay, Guam Island, Mariana Islands, Micronesia, USA, North Pacific Ocean; among silty sandy grass at 45-55 ft.; 1995; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6101

Strombus (Tricornis) taurus (Reeve, 1857); Rongelap Atoll, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, North Pacific Ocean; inside lagoon on sand at 5-8 ft.; 3/1985; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5549

Sinustrombus latissimus x Lambis lambis; Hybrid form; approx. 250 km south of Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam; Summer 2007, by fishermen, at 15-20 m; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6331

Sinustrombus latissimus x Lambis lambis; Hybrid form; off Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam; 5/2008; 170 mm; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6331

Harpago chiragra x Lambis lambis; Hybrid form; off Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam; 2008; 230 mm; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6366

Harpago chiragra (Linnaeus, 1758); South of Sri Lanka Island (formerly Ceylon); at 4-8 m on sand and rocks; 12/1979; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 499

Harpago chiragra (Linnaeus, 1758); Hospital Point, Guam Island, Mariana Islands, Micronesia, USA, North Pacific Ocean; on short grass and sand at 12-16 m; 11/1995; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6097

Harpago chiragra (Linnaeus, 1758); Agana-Tumon, Hospital Point, Guam Island, Mariana Islands, Micronesia, USA, North Pacific Ocean; on silty/sandy algae covered substrate at 20-40 ft.; 7/1996; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6099

Lambis millepeda x truncata sebae; Hybrid form; Cebu Island, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5784

figured in Vita Marina 42(2):53, fig. 7, left

Lambis millepeda x truncata sebae; Hybrid form; Sulu Island, Philippines; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5783

figured in Vita Marina 42(2):53, fig. 7, right

Lambis millepeda x truncata sebae; Hybrid form; Malampaya Sound, Palawan Island, Palawan Province, Mimaropa Region, Philippines; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 2509

figured in Vita Marina 42(2):47, pl. 2, fig. 2a, 2b

Lambis arachnoides Shikama, 1971; Philippines islands; 180 mm; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 439

figured in Vita Marina 42(2):49, pl. 3, fig. 2a, 2b

Lambis arachnoides Shikama, 1971; Bohol Island, Bohol Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 440

Lambis millepeda x truncata; Hybrid form; Bantayan Island, Cebu Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6305

Lambis crocata x scorpius; Hybrid form; Siquijar Island, Cebu Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; Coll. Kronenberg no. 5117

Lambis crocata crocata (Link, 1807); Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam; 202 mm; 3/2007; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6352A

Comment Gijs Kronenberg: "I have reached the preliminary conclusion that the specimen in question is not L. c. pilsbryi, but only a large L. c. crocata (Link, 1807)."

Lambis crocata pilsbryi Abbott, 1961; Marquesas Islands, Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5767

Lambis crocata pilsbryi Abbott, 1961; Marquesas Islands, Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 875

Lambis violacea (Swainson, 1821); freak; Saint Brandon Archipelago, northeast of Mauritius Island, Indian Ocean; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1835

Lobatus peruvianus (Swainson, 1823); Pedro Gonzales Island, Pearl Archipelago, West coast of Panama; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 7

Lobatus peruvianus (Swainson, 1823); Panama, Central America; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 702

''Lobatus peruvianus', (Swainson, 1823)'; Baja California Peninsula, Mexico; trawled at 10-15 m; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6341

Strombus (Tricornis) peruvianis (Swainson, 1823); Medidora Island, West Panama; dredged at 120 ft.; 1989; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1944

Lobatus dominator (Pilsbry & Johnson, 1917); Gurabo Formation, Early Pliocene; Canada de Zamba, Rio Cana, Dominican Republic; 1/2014; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg

Lobatus haitensis (Sowerby, 1850); Gurabo Formation, Late Miocene/Early Pliocene; Dominican Republic; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6343

Lobatus haitensis (Sowerby, 1850); Gurabo Formation, Miocene; Dominican Republic; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6343

Lobatus williamsi (Olsson & Petit, 1964); Late Pliocene; Lee County, Florida, USA; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6335

Lobatus vokesae Landau, Kronenberg & Herbert, 2008; 310 mm; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg

Lobatus goliath, (Schröter, 1805); Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; 325 mm; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 441

Lobatus goliath (Schröter, 1805); Operculum; Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; 325 mm; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 441

Lobatus goliath (Schröter, 1805); Brazil; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 637

Lobatus gigas (Linnaeus, 1758); Content Key, Monroe County, Florida, USA; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 328

''Persististrombus latus', (Gmelin, 1791); Senegal, West Africa; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5404

Persististrombus latus (Gmelin, 1791); Senegal, West Africa; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5405

Persististrombus granulatus (Swainson, 1822); Cocos Island (Spanish: Isla del Coco), Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica; by local diver; 36,6 mm; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 3451

Persististrombus granulatus (Swainson, 1822); Bahia de Chatham, Cocos Island (Spanish: Isla del Coco), Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica; 3/1988; dredged at 80-100 m; leg. Hank Chaney et al.; Ex-coll. Harry G. Lee; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6299

Comment: This specimen is very similar to some forms of Persististrombus latus

Persististrombus granulatus(Swainson, 1822); Santa Fe Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; taken in sand at 30 m, by local lobster diver, 2003; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6268

Persististrombus granulatus (Swainson, 1822); Immature; Santa Fe Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; taken in sand at 30 m, by local lobster diver, 2003; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6268

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Gurabo Formation, Late Miocene/Early Pliocene; Dominican Republic; loc. no. TU 1215 ; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6344

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Florida, USA; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 0278

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Off San Pedro Town, Ambergris Caye, Belize; at 7 ft. in and on sand; 8/1990; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 3730

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Portobelo Bay, Colon Province, Panama, Caribbean Sea; dredged at 120 ft.; 1987; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1943

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Portobelo Bay, Colon Province, Panama, Caribbean Sea; dredged at 120 ft.; 1987; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5579

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Colon Bay, Colon Province, Panama, Caribbean Sea; 1971; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5575

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean; 6/1971: Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5577

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Cactus Bay, Malmok, Aruba, Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean; at 6 m; 1987; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 0901

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Aruba, near Malmok, Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean; beached; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5580

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Aruba, near Malmok, Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean; juvenile specimen; beached; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5580

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Martinique, Caribbean; 1989; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6367

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; off El Pico, Paraguana Peninsula, Falcon State, Venezuela; at 1-5 m, in sand and weed; 1984; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 0693

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; off Los Taques, Paraguana Peninsula, Falcon State, Venezuela; dredged on muddy sand at 12 m; 9/2009; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6378

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Santa Maria, Colombia; 1972; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1943

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Porto Belo, Santa Catarina, Brazil; at 2-4 m on muddy sand; 3/1985; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 0728

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Ubatuba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil; by diver at 5 m; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6463

Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758; Guarapari, Espiritu Santo, Brazil; in sand at low tide; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6463

Comment Kronenberg: "South of Amazone river, this should be S. pugilis worki Petuch. Is within variability of S. pugilis"

Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791; Fort Worth inlet, Florida, USA; at 10'-20' on sand; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5411

Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791; Sanibel Island, Lee County, Florida, USA; 1970; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5409

Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791; Sanibel Island, Lee County, Florida, USA; 1970; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 4000

Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791; Sanibel Island, Lee County, Florida, USA; by scuba at 55' deep; 1988; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5412

Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791; Sanibel Island, Lee County, Florida, USA; subadult; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1661

Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791; Centent Key, Monroe County, Florida, USA; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 0342

Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791; Keys, Monroe County, Florida, USA; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5408 (t), 0325(b)

Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791; Key Largo, Monroe County, Florida, USA; 1972; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5413

Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791; Estero Island, Florida, USA; 11/1973; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5407

Strombus alatus Gmelin, 1791; Florida, USA; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5410

Europrotomus schroeckingeri (Hörnes in Hörnes & Auinger, 1884); lower Lageniden zone, Badenian, Miocene; Weitendorf, Styria (Steiermark) State, Austria; 11/1999; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6402

Mirabilistrombus listeri (Gray, 1852); Arafura Sea, between Aru and Australia; trawled by Indonesian fishermen at approx. 144 m; 2005; 116,8 mm; Ex-coll. Bunjamin Dharma; Coll. Kronenberg no. 6289

Doxander japonicus (Reeve, 1851); Fukuma, Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu Region, Kyushu Island, Japan; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 3072

Doxander japonicus (Reeve, 1851); Mikawa Bay, Aichi Prefecture, Chubu Region, Honshu Island, Japan; dredged at 10-20 fathoms; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5631

Doxander japonicus (Reeve, 1851); Mikawa Bay, Aichi Prefecture, Chubu Region, Honshu Island, Japan; dredged at 5-10 fathoms; 1982; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5632

Doxander vittatus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758); Cooktown, Queensland State, north east Australia; trawled offshore at 120 m; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 110

Doxander vittatus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758); off Dingo Beach, Queensland State, north east Australia; trawled; 1982; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 528

Strombus (Canarium) maculatus depauperatus Dautzenberg & Bouge, 1933; Vinapu, Easter Islands; at 50 ft. on sand & Algae, by scuba diving; 5/1986; Coll. Kronenberg no. 5720

Strombus maculatus (Sowerby, 1842); Anakaena, Easter Islands; at 2 m. in sand around weeds; 10/1988; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 2343

Canarium urceus orrae (Abbott, 1960); Broome, Australia; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5676

Canarium urceus orrae (Abbott, 1960); Monte Belo Islands, WA, Australia; 1982; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 538

Canarium urceus orrae (Abbott, 1960); Drimmie Head, NT, Australia; at low tide on sand flats; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5924

Canarium urceus incisus (Wood, W., 1828); Marau Sound, Gualdacanal Island, Gualdacanal Province, Solomon Islands, south-western Pacific; by diver at 30 m at night; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 653

Canarium urceus incisus (Wood, W., 1828); Mele beach, Efate Island, Vanuatu Archipelago (formerly New Hebrides), South Pacific Ocean; snorkeling at 3' to 5', dead; 8/1999; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 598

Canarium urceus incisus (Wood, W., 1828); Langa Langa Lagoon, Malaita, Solomon Islands; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 515

Strombus (Canarium) mutabilis ostergaardi Pilsbry, 1921; Kaneohe, Oahu Island, Hawaii Islands, USA; Kaneohe sewer trench excavation, imbedded in hard pack matrix of sand / Limestone walls of trench blocks; 10/1994; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5130

Canarium klineorum (Abbott, 1960); Trincomalee, Eastern Province, Sri Lanka Island (formerly Ceylon); 8/1983; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 655

Terestrombus afrobellatus (Abbott, 1960); Fernao Veloso beach, Nacala Bay, Nampula Province, Republic of Mozambique, Indian Ocean; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 2823

Terestrombus afrobellatus (Abbott, 1960); Toliara (formerly Tuléar), Atsimo-Andrefana Region, southern Madagascar; in shallow water on sand; 2/2002; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6209

Terestrombus afrobellatus (Abbott, 1960); Raabandhiuraa Island, Malaku Atoll, Maldives; alive at 20 m by scuba diving; 11/1998; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5908

Laevistrombus turturella (Röding, 1798); Krabi, Krabi Province, Thailand, Andaman Sea; black parietal and outer lip edge; 2007; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6322

Laevistrombus canarium (Linnaeus, 1758); Turtle Island, Tawi-Tawi Province, A.R.M.M. Region, Philippines; in sandy mud at 10-60 ft.; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 2828

Laevistrombus canarium (Linnaeus, 1758); Dingo Beach, Queensland State, north east Australia; sand spit at rising tide; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5930

Laevistrombus canarium guidoi (Man in't Veld & De Turck, 1998); Vanuatu Archipelago (formerly New Hebrides), South Pacific Ocean; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5983

Laevistrombus canarium guidoi (Man in't Veld & De Turck, 1998; Efate Island, Vanuatu Archipelago (formerly New Hebrides), South Pacific Ocean; bought on native market; 8/1999; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5984

Tricornis tricornis (Lightfoot, 1786); Red Sea, west Coast Gulf of Suez, 10 km south of Safaga (26° 39´ 30´´ N, 33° 56´ 30´´ E), Egypt; large muddy / sandy flat with coral blocks; 8/1988; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1457

Tricornis tricornis (Lightfoot, 1786); Somalia, Indian Ocean; 1991; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 2579

Tricornis tricornis (Lightfoot, 1786); immature specimen; Somalia, Indian Ocean; 1991; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 2579

Tricornis maximus (Martin, 1883); juvenile specimen; Miocene; Nyalindung, Sukabumi, West Java Province, Java Island, Indonesia; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg

Orthaulax gabbi Dall, 1890; Farley Creek, Calhoun County, Florida, USA (0,1 mile east of bridge Florida Highway 275 (SW 1/4 Sec. 21, T1N, R9W) Chipola; Tul. Uni. loc. 821; Ex-coll. E.H. Vokes; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 3850

Orthaulax inornatus Gabb, 1873; Baitoa formation, Early Miocene; Rio Yaque del Norte, Dominican Republic; 1/2014; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6434

Rostellariella lorenzi Morrison, 2005; Paratype 5; Arafura Sea, north of Darwin, NT, Australia; trawled on mud and sand at 200-400 m by indonesian fishermen; 2004; Ex-coll. Morrison; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6269

Rostellariella lorenzi Morrison, 2005; Arafura Sea, north of Darwin, NT, Australia; trawled on mud and sand at 200-400 m by indonesian fishermen; 2004; Ex-coll. Morrison; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6294

Rostellariella barbieri Morrison, 2008; Paratype 2; Oslob, south of Cebu Island, Cebu Province, Central Visayas Region, Philippines; with tangle nets at 200-300 m; 2007; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6324

Rostellariella delicatula (Nevill, 1881)

top row:
- left: off Madras, India, 1988, dredged; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 1538
- middle: off Madras, India, dredged; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 0395
- right: Andaman Sea; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5710
bottom row:
- left: Bay of Bengal, Bangla Desh, trawled; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5709
- middle left: Thailand; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 0084
- middle right: Andaman Sea; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5711
- right: Andaman Sea; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 5711

Xenophora pallidula (Reeve, 1842); Japan Islands; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 434

Aporrhais uttingeriana (Risso, 1826); Pliocene; Pano Deftera, Cyprus Island; 1994; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6235

Aporrhais cf. triangulata Gardner, 1884; Oldhaven Beds, Ypresian, lower Eocene; Herne Bay, Kent County, South East Region, England; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6236

Strombolaria crucis (Bayan, 1870); lower Lutetian, middle Eocene; Albanello quarry, Nogarole Vicentino, Val Chiampo, Vicenza area, Vicenza Province, Veneto Region, Italy; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6242

Perissoptera schlotheimii (Römer, 1841); "Vijlen kalk", Maastrichtian, upper Cretaceous; CBR Quarry, Lixhe, Belgium; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6301

Perissoptera schlotheimii (Römer, 1841); "Vijlen kalk", Maastrichtian, upper Cretaceous; CBR Quarry, Lixhe, Belgium; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg

Aporrhais limburgensis Binkhorst, 1861; Meersen Member, Maastricht-Formation, Maastrichtian, upper Cretaceous; Enclosure 62A-13, Quarry Curfs, Geulhem, Netherlands
Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 3258

Hippochrenes nuda (Binkhorst, 1861); "Kalksteen van Meersen", Meersen Member, Maastricht-Formation, Maastrichtian, upper Cretaceous; Quarry ENCI, Meersen, Netherlands
Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6307

Calyptraphorus sp.; Maastrichtian(?), upper Cretaceous; Mahajanpa(?), Madagascar; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg no. 6232

from Gijs Kronenberg's photo collection:

Strombus hirasei (Kuroda, 1942); Holotype; Photo Ron Voskuil; Copyright "The Festivus"; Original published in Kronenberg, 1999

Varicospira sp.; age unknown, probably Pliocene; Sibolga, Sumatra Island, Indonesia; 18,3 mm; Coll. ZMA; Photo Ron Voskuil