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Species / Aporrhais Pespelecani

Aporrhais Pespelecani

Stromboidea

Original Description of Strombus pes-pelecani by Linnaeus, 1758:

  • "S. testae labro tetradactylo palmato digitis angulato, fauce laevi."

Synonymy

Pre-Linnean names

  • ?Aporrhais Aristotle (322-384 b.C)
  • Turbine pendedactylo & tessarodactylo Rondelet, 1554:92
  • Pentedactylos Rondelet, 1558:60
  • Tessarodactylos Rondelet, 1558:60
  • Aporrhais aldrovandi Lister, 1688:pl. 866
  • Pes anserinus Klein, 1753:32

Synonyms

  • Aporrhais pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758:742) [as Strombus pes pelecani]
  • syn. Rostellaria ala-draconis Perry, 1811:11, fig. 6
  • syn. Aporrhais aldrovandi Capellini, 1860: 55 Settepassi:1971:III [non Capellini, 1860]
  • syn. Chenopus anglicus † d’Orbigny, 1852: 38
  • syn. Chenopus Brusina Nalato, 1899: 5
  • syn. Aporrhais conemenosi Monterosato, 1890:191 [corrected spelling for conomenosi]
  • syn. Aporrhais conomenosi Monterosato, 1890:162 [incorrect original spelling]
  • syn. Aporrhais conomenosi forma alterutra † Monterosato, 1890:162
  • syn. Fusus fragilis † Risso, 1826:206, pl. VI, fig. 75
  • syn. Murex gracilis † Brocchi, 1814:437, pl. IX, fig. 16a, b
  • syn. Rostellaria michaudi Locard, 1890:11
  • syn. Aporrhais pelecanipes Locard, 1892:123, fig. 109
  • syn. Aporrhais pelecanipes var. incrassata Locard & Caziot, 1900:31
  • syn. Aporrhais pelecanopus Locard, 1886:141
  • syn. Strombus pelecani Odhner, 1953:14 [ex MS Thunberg]
  • syn. Turbo pentadactylos Scilla, 1759:85 [unnumbered page]
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelicani Auct. [incorrect subsequent spelling]
  • syn. Aporrhais pespellicani Auct. [incorrect subsequent spelling]
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani var. aculea Coen, 1933:pp
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. aculeus Coen, 1931:144, pl. III, fig. 10
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani adultus Monterosato xxxx:yy
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. adunca Coen, 1931:144, pl. III, fig. 9
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani var. alba Jeffreys, 1859:127 Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884: 220 [non Jeffreys, 1859]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes-pelecani var. albida Jeffreys, 1867: 251
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani angulatus Settepassi, 1971:X, pl. 4, fig. 33
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. applicata Coen, 1931:144, pl. II, fig. 7
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. bifida Coen, 1931:144, pl. II, fig. 5
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. bilabiata Coen, 1931:145, pl. III, fig. 11
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. biloba Kobelt, 1908:15
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani var. bilobata Clément, 1875: 51
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. brunea Settepassi, 1971: V [not available]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes-pelicani var. caucasica † Davidaschvili, 1932:7, pl. 1, fig. 19
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani anom. cauda trifariam Settepassi, 1971:XI, pl. 5, fig. 36 [not available, non binom.]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. crispa Coen, 1931:143, pl. II, fig. 3, 4
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. digitis quatuor Philippi, 1836:215 [not available, non binom.]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. digitis quinque Philippi, 1836:215 [not available, non binom.]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. digitis tribus Philippi, 1836:215 [not available, non binom.]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani anom. digito ramosa Settepassi, 1971:XI, pl. 7, fig. 63 [not available, non binom.]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani forma dilatata Settepassi, 1971:X [ex MS Monterosato] [not available]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani monstr. distorta Settepassi, 1971:XII, pl. 8, fig. 64 [not available]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. eburnea Monterosato, yyyy:pp
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani elongatus Settepassi, 1971:XX
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. furcifera Coen, 1931:144, pl. II, fig. 6
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. gigantea Coen, 1931:145, pl. III, fig. 13, 14
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani gracilis-expansilabrum Stjepcevic & Parenzan, 1980
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. idealis Coen, 1931:143, pl. II, fig. 2
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani anom. labrata Settepassi, 1971, pl. 1, fig. 7 [not available]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. longispina Kobelt, 1908:16
  • syn. Aporrhais pes-pelecani var. longispinosus Norman, 1888:13 [nom. nud.]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes-pelecani var. longispinosus Kobelt, 1908:15, pl. 101, fig. 10,11
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani longispinulus Settepassi, 1971:VII [ex MS Monterosato]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. longisdigitatus Settepassi, 1971:VII, pl. 2, fig. 11, 14 [ex MS Monterosato] [not available from Settepassi]
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani major nodoso Settepassi, 1971:XX [not available, non binom.]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. mandarinus Monterosato, year: p. / pl. Fig.
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. minor Fontannes, 1884
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. minor Monterosato, 1890: 162
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani monodigitata Stjepcevic & Parenzan, 1980
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani anom. multi-digitata Settepassi, 1971:XI, pl. 7, fig. 55 [not available]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes-pelecani var. obesa Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884: 220 [obesa in text is robusta on plates]
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani oblongus Settepassi, 1971:VII
  • syn. Aporrhais pes-pelecani var. oceanica Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884: 220, pl. 24, fig. 4, 5
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani var. panormitanus de Gregorio, 1885:118
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. parva Settepassi, 1971:VI [ex MS Monterosato]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani anom. permixtus Settepassi, 1971, pl. 13, fig. 70 [not available]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. protracta Coen, 1931:144, pl. III, fig. 8
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani pseudobilobatus Settepassi, 1971:IX, pl. 2, fig. 10B, pl. 3, figs. 19, 24
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani quadrifida Geys & Marquets 1979:22, pl. 28, fig. 1
  • syn. Aporrhais pes-pelecani var. robusta Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884, pl. 24, fig. 3
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani robustissimus Settepassi, 1971:XIX, fig. 81, 82
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. rufa Monterosato, 1882:pp
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani monstr. scalariforme Coen, 1914:31, pl. III, fig.14 [not available]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani monstr. scalaris Coen, 1931:145, pl. III, fig. 12 [not available]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani anom. tri-costata Settepassi, 1971:XII, pl. 8, fig. 65 [not available]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani triplus digitatus Settepassi, 1971:XX, pl. 14, fig. 73, 76 [not available, non binom.]
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. venetiana Coen, 1931:142, pl. II, fig. 1
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani var. viator de Gregorio, 1885:118
  • syn. Aporrhais (Chenopus) pes pelecani var. vinitincta Coen, 1914:31, pl. III, fig. 13a, b
  • syn. Aporrhais pes pelecani var. violacea Monterosato, 1884: p. / pl. Fig.
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelecani var. violacea Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882: pp [ex MS Monterosato]
  • syn. Chenopus pespelicani var. apicevoluta † Sacco, 1893:31, pl. II, fig. 37
  • syn. Chenopus pespelicani var. basicincta † Sacco 1893:31, pl. II, fig. 36
  • syn. Chenopus pespelicani var. crenulatina † Sacco 1893:30, pl. II, fig. 32
  • syn. Chenopus pespelicani var. dertominor † Sacco 1893:29, pl. II, fig. 31
  • syn. Chenopus pespelicani var. parvecincta † Sacco 1893:30, pl. II, fig. 33
  • syn. Chenopus pespelicani subvar. perbifida † Sacco 1893:29, pl. II, fig. 28 [not available]
  • syn. Chenopus pespelicani subvar. superbifida † Sacco 1893:29, pl. II, fig. 29 [not available]
  • syn. Chenopus pespelicani var. taurominor † Sacco 1893:29, pl. II, fig. 30
  • syn. Chenopus pespelicani var. turritolonga † Sacco 1893:30, pl. II, fig. 34
  • syn. Chenopus pespelicani var. variecincta † Sacco 1893:30, pl. II, fig. 35
  • syn. Aporrhais pespelicanis Linnaeus, 1758 Camacho, 1953:185 [incorrect subsequent spelling]
  • syn. Aporrhais quadrifidus da Costa, 1778: 136, pl. VII, fig. 7
  • syn. Struthiodomus struthiomorpha Coen, 1931: 145 [ex MS Monterosato]
  • syn. Aporrhais subfuscus Donovan, 1804 pl. IV. Filippi, 1986: 79 [non Donovan, 1804]
  • syn. Aporrhais uttingeriana Risso, 1826 Harmer, 1918:435, pl. 41, fig. 31 [non Risso, 1826]

Common names

  • Danish: Pelikanfod
  • Dutch: Pelikaansvoet
  • English: Common pelican foot
  • French: pied de pelican
  • Georgian: Moluski aporaisi
  • German: Pelikansfuss
  • Italian: piede di pellicano
  • Japanese: MOMIJISODE
  • Norwegian: pelikanfotsnegl
  • Russian: Pelicanya noga
  • Spanish: Pie de pelicano
  • Swedish: pelikanfotsnäckor
  • Turkish: Pelikan ayagi

History and extended Synonymy

1554

Turbine pendedactylo & tessarodactylo in Rondelet, 1554, p. 92, fig. XXII

1688

Lister presents two forms:

Only the second is cited by Linnaeus, 1758, 1767

1742

in Argenville, 1742, pl. 17, fig. M

1743

Description of Strombus canaliculatus rostratus ore labioso by Gualtieri, 1743:

Strombus canaliculatus rostratus ore labioso in Gualtieri, 1743

1753

Klein, 1753, p. 32, §81, 82

Pes anserinus in Klein, 1753, pl. II, fig. 41, 42

1758

Original description of Strombus pes pelecani by Linnaeus:

1759

Turbo pentadactylus in Scilla, 1759, pl. XVI, fig. 1

  • Comment Wieneke: Scilla gives no description, only the above drawing with the name on p. 85 (unnumbered)

1767

Description of Strombus pes pelecani in the 12th edition of the "Systema Naturae" by Linnaeus:

1777

Alata Pes Pelicani Martini, 1777, pl. LXXXV, fig. 848-850

1778

Aporrhais quadrifidus da Costa, 1778

  • Description of Aporrhais quadrifidus by Da Costa, 1778, p. 136-138:
    • "Aporrhais subfuscus, anfractibus nodosis, labro palmato quadrifido. Quadrifidus."
    • "This Shell is extremely thick and strong. The body is narrow, slender, and tapers to a very fine point; from top to bottom it generally measures from one inch and a half to two inches in length, and from the body to the middle of the wing, between the fingers or prongs, one inch and a quarter broad; and the colour is very pale yellowish brown. The mouth is narrow and oblong. The outer tip expands into a very thick wing, swelling to a greater thickness at the edge, which slopes slightly downwards, and is sinuous or waved. It is cut or divided into four singers or prongs, whereof two are in the middle: the upper of these is nearly horizontal, or slightly ascending, the other very obliquely descending. The remaining two, which are on the body, are both very perpendicular; the upper one, directly on the top of the mouth, forms a pretty long waved pyramidal sharp beak; the other, that runs downwards along the body to almost the end of the turban, is very valid, spread, and sharp pointed. These two latter prongs should more properly be said to belong to the pillar than the outer lip. The interrstices between the prongs are cut into deep semilunar cuts or scollopings and each prong on this side has a channel along the middle. The pillar lip is very thick, strong, and spread; and all the mouth, wing, and pillar, within, are white, smooth, and finely glazed, except towards the ends of the prongs, which are tinctured with shades of a chesnut colour.The spires are about eight, tapering to a very fine point, and separated by a deep slope and furrow. Each spire has a prominent ridge, studded or bumped with round knobs, size of a pin's head, that runs circular along the middle of it. From this ridge it slopes upwards and downwards. But the body spire has two ridges, the lowermost whereof is greatly knobbed, and extends (but then plain, very sharp, prominent and oblique) to the border of the wing, exactly to the descending prong, and answers to its gutter on the inside; the upper ridge is not so bumped, and continues also sharp, ascending along the wing, and answers to the inside gutter of the ascending prong. Besides, there is a third slightly prominent plain ridge just above the latter, which also continues on the wing, but slightly, and does not reach to the edge of it. The spires, and also the wing, are besides finely and circularly striated."
  • Localities (Da Costa, 1778, p. 138): "This species is found in Cornwall, Devonshire, Durham, Sussex, and some other shores; in Carnarvonshire and Merionethshire, Wales; and is common in the Orkneys, at Leith, and several other coasts of Scotland. It inhabits also die Norwegian, Mediterranean, and American seas. "

Aporrhais quadrifidus da Costa, 1778, pl. VII, fig. 7

1811

Rostellaria pes-pelicani in Perry, 1811, pl. 10, Rostellaria fig. 3

Rostellaria ala-draconis Perry, 1811, pl. 11, fig. 6

  • Comment Petit, 2003: "The unusual blue coloration is possibly the result of burial in mud."

1814

Murex gracilis Brocchi, 1814:

  • Description of Murex gracilis by Brocchi, 1814, p.437:
    • "Testa turrita, exquisite transversim striata, anfractubus convexiusculis subcarinatis, carina nodulosa, anfractu infimo ad basim cingulo elevato succincto, labro fisso."
    • "Tutti gli anfratti sono rigati all'intorno da sottilissime strie regolari e paralelle, ed hanno una forma alquanto gonfia e convessa. L'ultimo di essi è circondato nella parte iuferiore da un cingolo elevato, e tutti hanno verso la loro metà una carena molto ottusa, guarnita di una serie di piccioli nodi bislunghi I cinque anfratti superiori sono lisci, e non hanno che le strie trasversali."
  • "Fossile nel Piacentino" Brocchi, 1814, p. 437

Murex gracilis Brocchi, 1814, pl. IX, fig. 16 a, b

  • Comment: is a pliocene, juvenile Aporrhais pespelecani

1817

Rostellaire pied de pélican (Rostellaria pes pelicani, Lamk.) from Cuvier, 1817, pl. 61bis 3a,3,3b

1826

Fusus fragilis Risso, 1826

  • Description of Fusus fragilis by Risso, 1826, p. 206:
    • "F. Testa glaberrima, alte et acutissime turrita; anfractubus duodecim (apicali mamillato), linea elevata, lineolisque elevatis longiludinalibus, lineisque transversis, undulatis sculptis; epidermide lutescente."
  • "Cette belle coquille fort lisse, est fragile, turriculée en pointe, d'un jaune transparent; à douze tours de spire (celui du sommet mamelonné) sculptés d'une ligne relevée et de petites lignes élevées longitudinales, accompagnées de lignes ondulées, transverses. Long. o,o35 Séj. Régions coralligènes. App. Été."

Fusus fragilis Risso, 1826, pl. VI, fig. 75

  • Comment: is a juvenile Aporrhais pespelecani.

1834

Rostellaria pes-pelicani Joannis, 1834, cl. V, pl. 41

Texte about Rostellaria pes-pelicani of Joannis, 1834:

  • ”Animal inconnu, d’après M. de Blainville. Tête sessile terminée en forme de museau, peu contractile, à l’extrémité duquel est une bouche ronde à lèvres simples, sans trompe, portant, en outre, deux tentacules longs, assez grêles, coniques, peu contractiles et assez éloignés, au pied externe desquels sont des yeux très visibles sur un öéger renflement qu’ils y ont. Pied assez grand, pédonculé, sous-oesophagien, comme tronqué devant et pointu derrière, où s’attache en dessus un petit opercule onguiculé, à sommet submarginal, n’adhérant au pied que par sa moitié. Manteau très mince, lacinié en autant de parties que le bprd droit de la coquille a de digitations. Les deux laciniures extrèmes formant des tubes. Peignes branchiaux, longs, étroits, et l’un auprès de l’autre, situés un peu obliquement sur le dos. Organe excitateur long, aplati, placé au côté droit du cou. L’anus dans et à l’entrée de la bouche une espèce de ganglion bilobé adhérant à la paroi inférieure, et sur l’arrière de cette partie une petite langue hérisée des deux côtés de petites aspérités couchées les unes sur les autres en arrière. (…) La tète, le pied et la partie antérieure ddu corps sont rouge et jaune pàle pointillé, les branchies blanches, l’organe excitateur blanc. Le reste du corps varie avec les aliments. Le bord des lèvres est blanc, et cette bordure blanche remonte en pointe sur le museau. Nota. Je pense que le tube gauche du manteau, qui correspond à la digitation postérieure de la coquille, donne passage à l’organe mâle. Patrie, l’Archipel du Levant."

1837

Chenopus pes pelecani in Bronn, 1837, pl. XLI, fig. 30

1842

Aporrhais Pes-Pelecani in Sowerby, 1842, pl. V, fig. 3, 4

Aporrhais pes pelecani in Gray, 1842, pl. 5, fig. 6

1843

Rostellaire pied-de-Pelican. (Rostellaria pes Pelecani Lam.) in Kiener, 1843, pl. IV, fig. 1

Rostellaire pie-de-Pelican jeune. (Rostellaria pes Pelecani junior.) in Kiener, 1843, pl. IV, fig. 1a

  • Comment Wieneke: "This is not a juvenile specimen, it looks more like A. p. bilobata."

1847

Strombus pes pelecani in Berge, 1847, pl. ?, fig. 9

1848

Aporrhais pespelicani in Wood, 1848, pl. II, fig. 4 a, b

Wood, 1848, p. 25 about Aporrhais pes-pelicani:

  • "Locality. Cor. Crag, Ramsholt and Gedgrave. Red Crag, Sutton, Newborn, Brightwell, and Bawdsey. Recent, British Seas."
  • "This shell is rarely found in good condition in the Red Crag; some well-preserved specimens, however, show a perfect identity with the long known recent species. The middle of the volution is slightly angular and nodulous, so also is the prominent keel at the base of the whorl, like that of the recent shell, with another ridge beneath it. The striae are obliterated from all my Red Crag specimens, though shown in those from the Coralline. This is a living Mediterranean species, and stated by Philippi to be exceedingly variable there. My Crag specimens are very uniform in character."

1851

Rostellaria pes-pelecani in Reeve, 1851, Rostellaria, pl. 1, fig. 3 a, b

1853

Aporrhais pes-pelecani in Forbes & Hanley, 1853, pl. LI, fig. 3, 3a

Aporrhais pes-pelecani in Forbes & Hanley, 1853, pl. LXXXIX, fig. 4

Chenopus pespelecani Hoernes, 1853, pl. 18, fig. 2 a, b

  • This shell is classified by Sacco as Chenopus uttingerianus var crassulosa Sacco, 1893. see Aporrhais uttingeriana

1859

Aporrhais pes-pelicani from Sowerby, 1859, pl. XV, fig. 4

  • Comment: Sowerby is showing the Mediterreanian subspecies as coming from the British Isles. Whether the specimen is coming from the North Atlantic / North Sea or from the Mediterranian is not known.

1860

Aporrhais aldrovandi Capellini, 1860

1863

Aporrhais pes pelecani, radula Troschel, 1863, pl. XVII, fig. 3 ("Ein Glied aus der Radula von Aporrhais pes pelecani L.")

  • Description of the radula of Aporrhais pespelecani by Troschel, 1863, p. 200:
    • "Jeder Oberkiefer bildet einen gebogenen Streifen von ungefähr 0,4 Millim. Länge bei einer Breite von 0,01 Millim. Er ist mit zahlreichen kleinen Plättchen bedeckt, die sich meist nicht dachziegelartig decken, sondern eng neben einander liegen. Sie haben eine rautenförmige oder polygonale Gestalt und einen Durchmesser von 0,004 bis 0,007 Millim. Die Mittelplatten der Radula sind vorn, wo sich die Schneide umgekrempt, am breitesten, verschmälern sich von da nach hinten bis etwa zur Mitte, um dann bis zum abgestutzten Hinterrande fast gleich breit zu bleiben. Die Schneide trägt einen grösseren, aber durchaus ganzrandigen Mittelzahn und jederseits neben ihm drei bis sechs kleinere Zähnchen, die nach dem Vorderende der Radula meist ganz abgenutzt sind, so daß die Platten hier fast ganzrandig, nur mit einem stumpfen Mittelzahn versehen erscheinen. Wie schon oben bemerkt, kann ich von der seltsamen Zähnelung des Mittelzahnes bei Lovén nichts wahrnehmen, wogegen seine Umrisse der Mittelplatte der Naturwahrheit näher kommen, als die nach hinten viel zu sehr verschmälerte Darstellung von Woodward. Die Zwischenplatten bilden ein längliches Oval, das sich einem Dreieck nähert. Der Vorderrand krempt sich der ganzen Länge nach zu einer ganzrandigen Schneide um, die mit der inneren Spitze zahnartig vorspringt. Der Innenrand schweift sich unter jener Spitze nach innen und geht dann in einem großen Bogen in den Hinterrand über, der so zart ist, daß es eines glücklichen Bloßlegens der Platte bedarf, um ihn scharf verfolgen zu können. Die Seitenplatten sind sehr lange schmale, säbelförmig gebogene Dornen, ohne jede Zähnelung. Sie sind so lang, daß sie in eingeklappter Lage bis über die Mittelplatte hinaus reichen, sich also mit den Seitenplatten der anderen Seite kreuzen. Die innere und die äußere Seitenplatte sind gleich lang, da jedoch die äußere etwas weiter nach außen befestigt ist, so steht auch ihre Spitze gegen die der inneren ein wenig zurück. Die Radula enthält 32-34 Glieder. Die Breite der Mittelplatten am Vorderende der Radula ist vorn 0,085 Millim., hinten 0,045 Millim.; am Hinterende der Radula vorn 0,09 Millim., hinten 0,057 Millim."

1867

Aporrhais pespelecani var. albida Jeffreys, 1867

1873

Aporrhais pespelecani var. bilobata Clement, 1873

1880

Chenopus pes-pelecani in Fontannes, 1880, pl. IX, fig. 3 a, b

  • Pliocene
  • "Les marnes à Cerithium vulgatum des environs de Bolléne, de Vaison (Vaucluse). Commun. — Les argiles sableuses de Millas et de Banyuls (Pyrénées-Orientales). Très commun." (Fontannes, 1880)

1884

  • Aporrhais pespelecani var. oceanica Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884
  • Aporrhais pespelecani var. robusta Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884
  • Aporrhais pespelecani var. rufa Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 188? ex Monterosato ms.
  • Aporrhais pespelecani var. violacea Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 188? ex Monterosato ms.

Aporrhais pes-pelecani in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884, pl. 24, fig. 1, 2

Aporrhais pes-pelecani var robusta in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884, pl. 24, fig. 3

Aporrhais pes-pelecani var oceanica in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884, pl. 24, fig. 4, 5

Aporrhais pes-pelecani var albida Jeffreys in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884, pl. 24, fig. 6

Aporrhais pes-pelecani juvenis in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884, pl. 24, fig. 7, 8, 9

Chenopus (Aporrhais) pespelecani in Hoernes & Auinger, 1884, pl. 18, fig. 7 a,b

  • This shell was classified by Sacco, 1893 as Chenopus uttingerianus var ornatissima Sacco, 1893, see Aporrhais uttingeriana

Chenopus (Aporrhais) pes pelecani in Hörnes & Auinger, 1884, pl. 19, fig. 9 a, b

  • This shell was classified by Boettger, 1902 as Chenopus pespelecani var dactylifera Boettger, 1902, see Aporrhais dactylifera

1885

Aporrhais pespelecani var. panormitanus de Gregorio, 1885:118

  • Original Description of Aporrhais pespelecani var. panormitanus by De Gregorio, 1885, p. 118:
    • "... l'una (Var. panormitanus) che ha il rostro anteriore contorto affato verso l'apertura, sicchè fa quasi un angolo retto con essa, e proviene dai mari di Palermo; ..."

Aporrhais pespelecani var. viator de Gregorio, 1885:118

  • Original Description of Aporrhais pespelecani var. viator by De Gregorio, 1885, p. 118:
    • "... l'altra (var. viator) molto simile alla specie tipo figurata in Boucquoy e Dautzenberg (tav. 24, f. 1-2 Mol. Rous.), ma col rostro anteriore più breve e contorto verso l'apertura (non tanto però quanto la varieta viator), col labbro esterno assai spesso e foliaceo, i tuberculi dei giri più grossi."
  • Antonio De Gregorio, 1885. Studi su talune conchiglie Mediterranee viventi e fossili

Aporrhais pes-pelecani in Lorie 1885 pl.5, fig. 15

  • Utrecht, Netherlands in 369 m depth

1886

1890

  • Aporrhais conemenosi Monterosato, 1890
    • Original Description of Aporrhais conomenosi [sic] by Monterosato, 1890, p. 162:
      • "A.Conomenosi, Monts. - Nuova forma nana (rabougrie) che mi è stata recentemente communicata dal solerte signor N. Conemenos come proveniente dall'Arcipelago Greco. Il piu piccolo esemplare, essend completamente adulto, anzi vecchio, non attinge i 17 mill. di altezza ed il piu grande non sorpassa i 30. I lobi sono corti e rintuzzati e le nodulosità molto spiccate. Siamo debitori di una figura consimile, in piu grandi proporzioni, proveniente dall'isola di Milo (Ann. Mus. Civico di Genova 1878, p.20, f. 2, nel testo) e di altre utili cognizioni, al Prof. A. Issel. Negli stessi Annali 1877, io ho pubblicato un articolo che tratta delle mutazioni e dello stato giovanile dall' A. pespelecani. Questa nuova forma, che puo realmente considerarsi come specifica, si trova anche fossile nel pliocene di Altavilla presso Palermo. La forma fossile di Monte Pellegrino, non è nè l'una nè l'altra e potra distinguersi col nome di: alterutra.
  • Aporrhais michaudi Locard, 1890

1892

Aporrhais pelecanipes Locard, 1892

1893

Sacco, 1893 defined

Chenopus pespelicani var. apicevoluta † Sacco, 1893:31, pl. II, fig. 37

  • Original Description of Chenopus pespelicani var. apicevoluta by Sacco, 1893, p. 31:
    • "Labii digitus superus apicem versus elongatior, testae propinquior."
    • Stratum typicum: "Astiano"
    • Locus typicus: "Astigiana (non rara)"

Chenopus pespelicani var. apicevoluta Sacco, 1893, pl. II, fig. 37

Chenopus pespelicani var. basicincta † Sacco 1893:31, pl. II, fig. 36

  • Original Description of Chenopus pespelicani var. basicincta by Sacco, 1893, p. 31:
    • "Sub tertio cingulo, basali, cingulellum simplex conspicitur."
    • Stratum typicum: "Piacenziano superiore"
    • Locus typicus: "Volpedo (rara)"

Chenopus pespelicani var. basicincta Sacco, 1893, pl. II, fig. 36

Chenopus pespelicani var. crenulatina † Sacco 1893:30, pl. II, fig. 32

  • Original Description of Chenopus pespelicani var. crenulatina by Sacco, 1893, p. 30:
    • "Testa plerumque minor. Labium externum intus parvule crenulato-denticulatum."
    • Strata: "Piacenziano, Astiano"
    • Loci: "Piacenziano: Astigiana, Volpedo; Masserano; R. Torsero, Bordighera, Bussana (freq.). Astiano: Astigiana (non rara)."
    • Comment: "Il carattere del labbro denticulato non ha, a mio parere quell'importanza, su diverse forme di C. pespelicani specialmente nella parte inderiore del labbro; la varieta in esame collegasi insensibilmente colle var. minor e parvecincta. D'altronde tali denticolazioni labiali riscontransi pure nel gruppo del C. uttingerianus, cosi nella var. miodenticulata. Fra le forme viventi il C. senegalensis Gray presenta tale carattere assai accentuato."
  • Translation of the comment by Forli, 1989, p. 53: "The feature of the denticled lip does not, in my opinion, have as much importance as would appear at first sight, since it can be seen, even if only slightly, on several forms of C. pespelecani, especially in the lower part of the lip; the variety under examination is connected to the var. minor e parvecincta. Besides such labial denticulation is also to be found in the group of C. uttingerianus as also in the variety miodenticulata. Among living forms C. senegalensis Gray presents these features in a very marked manner."

Chenopus pespelicani var. crenulatina Sacco, 1893, pl. II, fig. 32

Chenopus pespelicani var. dertominor † Sacco 1893:29, pl. II, fig. 31

Chenopus pespelicani var. dertominor Sacco, 1893, pl. II, fig. 31

Chenopus pespelicani var. parvecincta † Sacco 1893:30, pl. II, fig. 33

Chenopus pespelicani var. parvecincta Sacco, 1893, pl. II, fig. 33

  • Chenopus pespelicani subvar. perbifida † Sacco 1893:29, pl. II, fig. 28
  • Chenopus pespelicani subvar. superbifida † Sacco 1893:29, pl. II, fig. 29
  • Chenopus pespelicani var. taurominor † Sacco 1893:29, pl. II, fig. 30
  • Chenopus pespelicani var. turritolonga † Sacco 1893:30, pl. II, fig. 34
  • Chenopus pespelicani var. variecincta † Sacco 1893:30, pl. II, fig. 35

1900

Aporrhais pelecanipes Locard, 1900, p. 38, fig. 16

Aporrhais pespelecani var. incrassata Locard & Caziot, 1900

1904

Chenopus pespelicani in Cossmann, 1904, pl. IV, fig. 3

  • a pliocene specimen

1906

Aporrhais pes-pelecani in Kobelt, 1906, pl. CI, fig. 10, 11

Aporrhais pes-pelecani bilobatus in Kobelt, 1906, pl. CI, fig. 12, 13

Aporrhais pes-pelecani michaudi in Kobelt, 1906, pl. CI, fig. 14, 15

1908

Aporrhais pes pelecani sarsii Kobelt, 1908: 17, pl. 102, fig. 3, 4

1913

Aporrhais pes-pelecani in Dautzenberg, 1913, pl. 16, fig. 52

1914

  • Aporrhais pespelecani var. vinitincta Coen, 1914

1931

  • Aporrhais pespelecani var. bifida Coen, 1931
  • Aporrhais pespelecani var. venetiana Coen, 1931
  • Aporrhais pespelecani var. aculeus Coen, 1931

1970

  • Aporrhais pespelecani oblongus Settepassi, 1970
  • Aporrhais pespelecani robustissimus Settepassi, 1970

2008

Kantor et al, 2008 report large populations of Aporrhais pespelecani from the Barents sea on the Murman coast. Exact localities are:

  • Kislaya Guba (Inlet) of the Motovsk Bay (69°31.6’N; 33°15.4’Е), July 2007, at muddy sand at 8 m in the biocenose of the bivalves Mytilus edulis and Arctica islandica.
  • Dalnezelenezkaya Bay (69°07’03’’N; 36°04’12’’Е), August 2007, at muddy sand at 6 m.

There are 2 recent subspecies, named:

  • Aporrhais pespelecani pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875)
    • Clément, 1875; Cat. moll. Gard, p. 10

Aporrhais pespelecani from southern Europe

Aporrhais pespelecani pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758)

  1. Gammarth, Tunesia, beached, 1992, Coll. UW954
  2. Torrevieja, Spain, by fisherman, 7/1973, Coll. UW1767
  3. Fiumicino, Italy, 80-200 m sandy bottom, by fisherman, 2000, Coll. UW1973
  4. South Portugal, by fisherman, 50-80 m, 2005, Coll. UW1946
  5. Lissabon, Portugal, 1989, Coll. UW1614
  6. Adra, Spain, beached, 1/1993, UW999
  7. Fiumicino, Italy, 80-200 m sandy bottom, by fisherman, 2000, Coll. UW1975
  8. Ventimiglia, Italy, by diver, 7/1980, Coll. UW577
  9. Sicily, Italy, 1993, Coll. UW1180
  10. Kos, Greece, dredged, 1993, UW1000
  11. Torrevieja, Spain, by fisherman, 7/1973, Coll. UW1556
  12. Sesimbra, Portugal, deep water, Coll. UW853
  13. South Portugal, by fisherman, 50-80 m, 2005, Coll. UW2181
  14. Monte Gordo, Portugal, 12/1991, Coll. UW973
  15. Monte Gordo, Portugal, 12/1991, Coll. UW974

Aporrhais pespelecani from northern Europe

  1. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Le Po, Quiberon, France, in oysterfarm, 4/1974, Coll. UW1615
  2. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Henningsvaer, Lofoten, Norway, 2-6 m, 1989, Coll. UW1405
  3. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Culatra, Isla de Farol, Faro, Portugal, Coll. UW1250
  4. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); South of Island, by fisherman, 8/1971, Coll. UW1551
  5. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); NW of Portugal, by fisherman, deep water, 1999, Coll. UW1953
  6. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); NW of Portugal, by fisherman, deep water, 1999, Coll. UW1952
  7. Aporrhais pespelecani pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758); East Scotland, Aberdeen, Coll. UW1804
  8. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Waterford, Irish Sea, Ireland, by fisherman, 7/1985, Coll. UW1623
  9. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); South of Island, by fisherman, 8/1971, Coll. UW1550
  10. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Skagerrak, Danmark, by fisherman, 6/1996, Coll. UW834
  11. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Skagerrak, Danmark, by fisherman, 6/1996, Coll. UW837
  12. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); North Sea fishery, between Shetland and Lofoten(?), 1990, Coll. UW815
  13. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Cardigan Bay, Irish Sea, England, 150 m, Coll. UW1582
  14. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Doggerbank, North Sea, by fisherman, 7/1969, Coll. UW1589
  15. Aporrhais pespelecani pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758); Scheveningen, Netherlands, 1988, Coll. UW972
  16. Aporrhais pespelecani pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758); Spuikom, Oostende, Belgium, in Oysterfarm, 1974, Coll. UW1553

Specimen 16 from Oostende (Belgium) is the Mediterranean form. It was found together with several other specimen in an oysterfarm. Following Kermarrec-Labisse, 1968, this form is introduced into the North Sea by importing young oysters from the Mediterranean Sea. Maybe this explains also the two other Mediterranean specimen 7 and 15 in the North Sea.

Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement, 1875); Irish Sea, Portmanock, Eire; 9/1960; ex Coll. U.Hecker, Coll. NMMz

  1. subadult, 48 mm
  2. subadult, 41 mm
  3. adult, 40 mm

Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement, 1875); La Rochebonne Bank, Bay of Biscay, France; trawled at 80 m; 1985; Coll. Vanwalleghem

  1. 44 mm
  2. 47 mm
  3. 43 mm
  4. 45 mm

Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement, 1875); off Lundy Island, Bristol Channel, south west England, Great Britain; trawled at 30/40 fms; 1989; Coll. Vanwalleghem

  1. 49 mm
  2. 43 mm
  3. 50 mm

Some strange forms of Aporrhais pespelecani (freaks):

  1. senil, Fiumicino, Italy, 80-200 m sandy bottom, by fisherman, 2000
  2. Lissabon, Portugal, 1989
  3. East coast of Sithonia, Greece, beached, 1982, Coll. UW1379
  4. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 5/2000, Coll. UW2085
  5. Fiumicino, Italy, 80-200 m sandy bottom, by fisherman, 2000, Coll. UW1976
  6. Saloniki, Greece, Coll. UW1559
  7. East coast of Sithonia, Greece, beached, 1982, Coll. UW1380
  8. Benicarola, Spain, by fisherman,Coll. UW793
  9. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 2/1995, Coll. UW2063
  10. Fiumicino, Italy, 80-200 m sandy bottom, by fisherman, 2000, Coll. UW2015
  11. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 7/1994, Coll. UW1967
  12. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 2/1995, Coll. UW1968
  13. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 10/2001, Coll. UW2069
  14. Sesimbra, Portugal, deep water, Coll. UW852
  15. Torrevieja, Spain, by fisherman, 7/1973, Coll. UW1555
  16. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 10/2001, Coll. UW2084

In Holocene and Pleistocene there is a form found in the North Sea that is very similar to the recent Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus. It can be found on Schiermannigkoog and Ameland. Those shells might come from Eemian (De Boer & de Bruyne, 1991)

Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus, Raise site 't Kalf, Zaandam, Netherlands; Eemian, Holocene; 9/1969; Coll. Stoutjesdijk No. 2388a

  1. 23 mm
  2. 20 mm

La Rochebonne Bank, Bay of Biscay, France; trawled in 80 m; 7/1985; Coll. Vanwalleghem

  1. Aporrhais pespelecani dead, mouth is the home of the worm Phascolion strombi.
  2. Montacuta phascolionis, a bivalve living inside dead Aporrhais pespelecani (and other gastropods like Turritella communis) together with Phascolion strombi.
  3. Evalea diaphana, a small pyramidellinid sometimes living in dead Aporrhais pespelecani together with Phascolion strombi. There seems to exist a morphological different form of Evalea diaphana living outside dead Aporrhais pespelecani.
    • see also Fish & Fish, 1996

In the Pliocene of the North Sea basin Aporrhais pespelecani is found. It is called Aporrhais pespelecani quadrifida (Marquet, 1998), but there are doubts that this name is correct. It is shown on the following picture:

Strombus pes pelecani, Piacenza, Italy; Pliocene; Coll. Goldfuss-Museum Bonn

Aporrhais pespelecani; Lower Pliocene; Harokopio, Greece; Coll. Hochleitner

Aporrhais pespelecani; Upper Pliocene; Glykovrissi, Lakonia, Greece; 30 mm: Coll. Hochleitner

Bucquoy. Dautzenberg and Dollfuss, 1884 described Aporrhais pespelecani var minor from the middle miocene of the Loire basin.

Aporrhais pespelecani cf. minor; Antwerp, Belgium; Scaldisian?, Pliocene?; 29 mm; Coll. Paläontologisches Museum Nierstein

Localities where A.p. minor is found:

  • Manthelan, Le Louroux, Bossée (Le Carroi), Sainte-Maure (La Séguinière, Les Maunils), Sainte-Catherine de Fierbois (all in France)

Plesiotype: from Loc. Bossée, I.G. No 10591, I.R.Sc.N.B. No 2828

References:

Biology

Aporrhais pespelecani is living on relative firm muddy gravel bottoms in depth from 10 to 200 m. The locomotion of Aporrhais pespelecani is a movement, as if it would run with sprags. It is described in Haefelfinger, 1968 and Kronenberg, 1991

Etymology: Named by Carl von Linne as Strombus pes-pelecani. "Pes pelecani" means foot of the pelican.

References

  • Brocchi, 1814
  • da Costa, 1778
  • Fish, J.D. & Fish, S., (1996). A student's guide to the seashore. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • (Fontannes, 1880)
  • Kantor et al., 2008
  • Kobelt, W., 1887-1908. Iconographie der schalentragenden europäischen Meeresconchylien, Cassel, T. Fischer. [4. Band, 1908]
  • Locard, A. 1886, Prodrome de malacologie francaise. Vol. 2 Catalogue général des mollusques vivants de France: mollusques marins. Lyon, Henri Georg. X, 778 pp.
  • Locard, A. 1892, Les coquilles marines des cotes de France. Description des familles, genres et espèces. Paris: J.B. Baillière et Fils. 384 pp., 348 text figs.
  • Risso, 1826
  • Scilla, 1759
  • Sowerby, 1859
  • Yonge 1937
  • Lebour 1933
  • newFilippi 1987

Sequences:

Internet

Aporrhaidae, Aporrhais, recent, Freak, Sequence, Spain, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Great Britain, Norway, Island, Ireland, Russia, Pliocene
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