Stromboidea

• Aporrhaidae
  • Aporrhais
    • Aporrhais pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758)

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Original Description of Strombus pes-pelecani by Linnaeus, 1758:

• "S. testae labro tetradactylo palmato digitis angulato, fauce laevi."

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Synonymy

Pre-Linnean names

• Aporrhais Aristotle (322-384 b.C)
• Turbine pendedactylo & tessarodactylo Rondelet, 1554:92
• Pentedactylos Rondelet, 1558:60
• Tessarodactylos Rondelet, 1558:60

Common names

• Danish: Pelikanfod
• Dutch: Pelikaansvoet
• English: Common pelican foot
• French: pied de pelican
• Georgian: Moluski aporaisi
• German: Pelikansfuss
• Italian: piede di pellicano
• Japanese: MOMIJISODE
• Norwegian: pelikanfotsnegl
• Russian: Pelicanya noga
• Spanish: Pie de pelicano
• Swedish: pelikanfotsnäckor
• Turkish: Pelikan ayagi

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History and extended Synonymy

1554

Turbine pendedactylo & tessarodactylo in Rondelet, 1554, p. 92, fig. XXII

1688

Lister presents two forms:

Only the second is cited by Linnaeus, 1758, 1767

1743

Description of Strombus canaliculatus rostratus ore labioso by Gualtieri, 1743:

Strombus canaliculatus rostratus ore labioso in Gualtieri, 1743

1753

Klein, 1753, p. 32, §81, 82

Pes anserinus in Klein, 1753, pl. II, fig. 41, 42

1758

Original description of Strombus pes pelecani by Linnaeus:

1759

Turbo pentadactylus in Scilla, 1759, pl. XVI, fig. 1

• Comment Wieneke: Scilla gives no description, only the above drawing with the name on p. 85 (unnumbered)

1767

Description of Strombus pes pelecani in the 12th edition of the "Systema Naturae" by Linnaeus:

1778

Aporrhais quadrifidus da Costa, 1778

• Description of Aporrhais quadrifidus by Da Costa, 1778, p. 136-138:
  • "Aporrhais subfuscus, anfractibus nodosis, labro palmato quadrifido. Quadrifidus."
  • "This Shell is extremely thick and strong. The body is narrow, slender, and tapers to a very fine point; from top to bottom it generally measures from one inch and a half to two inches in length, and from the body to the middle of the wing, between the fingers or prongs, one inch and a quarter broad; and the colour is very pale yellowish brown. The mouth is narrow and oblong. The outer tip expands into a very thick wing, swelling to a greater thickness at the edge, which slopes slightly downwards, and is sinuous or waved. It is cut or divided into four singers or prongs, whereof two are in the middle: the upper of these is nearly horizontal, or slightly ascending, the other very obliquely descending. The remaining two, which are on the body, are both very perpendicular; the upper one, directly on the top of the mouth, forms a pretty long waved pyramidal sharp beak; the other, that runs downwards along the body to almost the end of the turban, is very valid, spread, and sharp pointed. These two latter prongs should more properly be said to belong to the pillar than the outer lip. The interrstices between the prongs are cut into deep semilunar cuts or scollopings and each prong on this side has a channel along the middle. The pillar lip is very thick, strong, and spread; and all the mouth, wing, and pillar, within, are white, smooth, and finely glazed, except towards the ends of the prongs, which are tinctured with shades of a chesnut colour.The spires are about eight, tapering to a very fine point, and separated by a deep slope and furrow. Each spire has a prominent ridge, studded or bumped with round knobs, size of a pin's head, that runs circular along the middle of it. From this ridge it slopes upwards and downwards. But the body spire has two ridges, the lowermost whereof is greatly knobbed, and extends (but then plain, very sharp, prominent and oblique) to the border of the wing, exactly to the descending prong, and answers to its gutter on the inside; the upper ridge is not so bumped, and continues also sharp, ascending along the wing, and answers to the inside gutter of the ascending prong. Besides, there is a third slightly prominent plain ridge just above the latter, which also continues on the wing, but slightly, and does not reach to the edge of it. The spires, and also the wing, are besides finely and circularly striated."
• Localities (Da Costa, 1778, p. 138): "This species is found in Cornwall, Devonshire, Durham, Sussex, and some other shores; in Carnarvonshire and Merionethshire, Wales; and is common in the Orkneys, at Leith, and several other coasts of Scotland. It inhabits also die Norwegian, Mediterranean, and American seas. "

Aporrhais quadrifidus da Costa, 1778, pl. VII, fig. 7

1811

Rostellaria aladraconis Perry, 1811

1814

Murex gracilis Brocchi, 1814:

• Description of Murex gracilis by Brocchi, 1814, p.437:
  • "Testa turrita, exquisite transversim striata, anfractubus convexiusculis subcarinatis, carina nodulosa, anfractu infimo ad basim cingulo elevato succincto, labro fisso."
  • "Tutti gli anfratti sono rigati all'intorno da sottilissime strie regolari e paralelle, ed hanno una forma alquanto gonfia e convessa. L'ultimo di essi è circondato nella parte iuferiore da un cingolo elevato, e tutti hanno verso la loro metà una carena molto ottusa, guarnita di una serie di piccioli nodi bislunghi I cinque anfratti superiori sono lisci, e non hanno che le strie trasversali."

• "Fossile nel Piacentino" Brocchi, 1814, p. 437

Murex gracilis Brocchi, 1814, pl. IX, fig. 16 a, b

• Comment: is a pliocene, juvenile Aporrhais pespelecani

1817

Rostellaire pied de pélican (Rostellaria pes pelicani, Lamk.) from Cuvier, 1817, pl. 61bis 3a,3,3b

1826

Fusus fragilis Risso, 1826

• Description of Fusus fragilis by Risso, 1826, p. 206:
  • "F. Testa glaberrima, alte et acutissime turrita; anfractubus duodecim (apicali mamillato), linea elevata, lineolisque elevatis longiludinalibus, lineisque transversis, undulatis sculptis; epidermide lutescente."
• "Cette belle coquille fort lisse, est fragile, turriculée en pointe, d'un jaune transparent; à douze tours de spire (celui du sommet mamelonné) sculptés d'une ligne relevée et de petites lignes élevées longitudinales, accompagnées de lignes ondulées, transverses. Long. o,o35 Séj. Régions coralligènes. App. Été."

Fusus fragilis Risso, 1826, pl. VI, fig. 75

• Comment: is a juvenile Aporrhais pespelecani.

1834

Rostellaria pes-pelicani Joannis, 1834, cl. V, pl. 41

Texte about Rostellaria pes-pelicani of Joannis, 1834:

• ”Animal inconnu, d’après M. de Blainville. Tête sessile terminée en forme de museau, peu contractile, à l’extrémité duquel est une bouche ronde à lèvres simples, sans trompe, portant, en outre, deux tentacules longs, assez grêles, coniques, peu contractiles et assez éloignés, au pied externe desquels sont des yeux très visibles sur un öéger renflement qu’ils y ont. Pied assez grand, pédonculé, sous-oesophagien, comme tronqué devant et pointu derrière, où s’attache en dessus un petit opercule onguiculé, à sommet submarginal, n’adhérant au pied que par sa moitié. Manteau très mince, lacinié en autant de parties que le bprd droit de la coquille a de digitations. Les deux laciniures extrèmes formant des tubes. Peignes branchiaux, longs, étroits, et l’un auprès de l’autre, situés un peu obliquement sur le dos. Organe excitateur long, aplati, placé au côté droit du cou. L’anus dans et à l’entrée de la bouche une espèce de ganglion bilobé adhérant à la paroi inférieure, et sur l’arrière de cette partie une petite langue hérisée des deux côtés de petites aspérités couchées les unes sur les autres en arrière. (…) La tète, le pied et la partie antérieure ddu corps sont rouge et jaune pàle pointillé, les branchies blanches, l’organe excitateur blanc. Le reste du corps varie avec les aliments. Le bord des lèvres est blanc, et cette bordure blanche remonte en pointe sur le museau. Nota. Je pense que le tube gauche du manteau, qui correspond à la digitation postérieure de la coquille, donne passage à l’organe mâle. Patrie, l’Archipel du Levant."

1837

Chenopus pes pelecani in Bronn, 1837, pl. XLI, fig. 30

1843

Rostellaire pied-de-Pelican. (Rostellaria pes Pelecani Lam.) in Kiener, 1843, pl. IV, fig. 1

Rostellaire pie-de-Pelican jeune. (Rostellaria pes Pelecani junior.) in Kiener, 1843, pl. IV, fig. 1a

• Comment Wieneke: "This is not a juvenile specimen, it looks more like A. p. bilobata."

1847

Strombus pes pelecani in Berge, 1847, pl. ?, fig. 9

1848

Aporrhais pespelicani in Wood, 1848, pl. II, fig. 4 a, b

• In the Coralline Crag from Ramsholt, Gedgrave, Great Britain
• In the Red Crag from Sutton, Newborn, Brightwell, Bawdsey, Great Britain

1853

Aporrhais pes-pelecani in Forbes & Hanley, 1853, pl. LI, fig. 3, 3a

Aporrhais pes-pelecani in Forbes & Hanley, 1853, pl. LXXXIX, fig. 4

Chenopus pespelecani Hoernes, 1853, pl. 18, fig. 2 a, b

• This shell is classified by Sacco as Chenopus uttingerianus var crassulosa Sacco, 1893. see Aporrhais uttingeriana

1859

Aporrhais pes-pelicani from Sowerby, 1859, pl. XV, fig. 4

• Comment: Sowerby is showing the Mediterreanian subspecies as coming from the British Isles. Whether the specimen is coming from the North Atlantic / North Sea or from the Mediterranian is not known.

1860

Aporrhais aldrovandi Capellini, 1860

1863

Aporrhais pes pelecani, radula Troschel, 1863, pl. XVII, fig. 3 ("Ein Glied aus der Radula von Aporrhais pes pelecani L.")

• Description of the radula of Aporrhais pespelecani by Troschel, 1863, p. 200:
  • "Jeder Oberkiefer bildet einen gebogenen Streifen von ungefähr 0,4 Millim. Länge bei einer Breite von 0,01 Millim. Er ist mit zahlreichen kleinen Plättchen bedeckt, die sich meist nicht dachziegelartig decken, sondern eng neben einander liegen. Sie haben eine rautenförmige oder polygonale Gestalt und einen Durchmesser von 0,004 bis 0,007 Millim. Die Mittelplatten der Radula sind vorn, wo sich die Schneide umgekrempt, am breitesten, verschmälern sich von da nach hinten bis etwa zur Mitte, um dann bis zum abgestutzten Hinterrande fast gleich breit zu bleiben. Die Schneide trägt einen grösseren, aber durchaus ganzrandigen Mittelzahn und jederseits neben ihm drei bis sechs kleinere Zähnchen, die nach dem Vorderende der Radula meist ganz abgenutzt sind, so daß die Platten hier fast ganzrandig, nur mit einem stumpfen Mittelzahn versehen erscheinen. Wie schon oben bemerkt, kann ich von der seltsamen Zähnelung des Mittelzahnes bei Lovén nichts wahrnehmen, wogegen seine Umrisse der Mittelplatte der Naturwahrheit näher kommen, als die nach hinten viel zu sehr verschmälerte Darstellung von Woodward. Die Zwischenplatten bilden ein längliches Oval, das sich einem Dreieck nähert. Der Vorderrand krempt sich der ganzen Länge nach zu einer ganzrandigen Schneide um, die mit der inneren Spitze zahnartig vorspringt. Der Innenrand schweift sich unter jener Spitze nach innen und geht dann in einem großen Bogen in den Hinterrand über, der so zart ist, daß es eines glücklichen Bloßlegens der Platte bedarf, um ihn scharf verfolgen zu können. Die Seitenplatten sind sehr lange schmale, säbelförmig gebogene Dornen, ohne jede Zähnelung. Sie sind so lang, daß sie in eingeklappter Lage bis über die Mittelplatte hinaus reichen, sich also mit den Seitenplatten der anderen Seite kreuzen. Die innere und die äußere Seitenplatte sind gleich lang, da jedoch die äußere etwas weiter nach außen befestigt ist, so steht auch ihre Spitze gegen die der inneren ein wenig zurück. Die Radula enthält 32-34 Glieder. Die Breite der Mittelplatten am Vorderende der Radula ist vorn 0,085 Millim., hinten 0,045 Millim.; am Hinterende der Radula vorn 0,09 Millim., hinten 0,057 Millim."

1867

Aporrhais pespelecani var. albida Jeffreys, 1867

1873

Aporrhais pespelecani var. bilobata Clement, 1873

1884

• Aporrhais pespelecani var. oceanica Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884
• Aporrhais pespelecani var. robusta Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884
• Aporrhais pespelecani var. rufa Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 188? ex Monterosato ms.
• Aporrhais pespelecani var. violacea Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 188? ex Monterosato ms.

Aporrhais pes-pelecani in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884, pl. 24, fig. 1, 2

Aporrhais pes-pelecani var robusta in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884, pl. 24, fig. 3

Aporrhais pes-pelecani var oceanica in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884, pl. 24, fig. 4, 5

Aporrhais pes-pelecani var albida Jeffreys in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884, pl. 24, fig. 6

Aporrhais pes-pelecani juvenis in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884, pl. 24, fig. 7, 8, 9

Chenopus (Aporrhais) pespelecani in Hoernes & Auinger, 1884, pl. 18, fig. 7 a,b

• This shell was classified by Sacco, 1893 as Chenopus uttingerianus var ornatissima Sacco, 1893, see Aporrhais uttingeriana

Chenopus (Aporrhais) pes pelecani in Hörnes & Auinger, 1884, pl. 19, fig. 9 a, b

• This shell was classified by Boettger, 1902 as Chenopus pespelecani var dactylifera Boettger, 1902, see Aporrhais dactylifera

1885

• Aporrhais pespelecani var. panormitana de Gregorio, 1885
• Aporrhais pespelecani var. viator de Gregorio, 1885

Aporrhais pes-pelecani in Lorie 1885 pl.5, fig. 15

• Utrecht, Netherlands in 369 m depth

1886

• Aporrhais bilobatus Locard, 1886
• Aporrhais pelecanopus Locard, 1886

1890

• Aporrhais conemenosi Monterosato, 1890
  • Original Description of Aporrhais conomenosi [sic] by Monterosato, 1890, p. 162:
    • "A.Conomenosi, Monts. - Nuova forma nana (rabougrie) che mi è stata recentemente communicata dal solerte signor N. Conemenos come proveniente dall'Arcipelago Greco. Il piu piccolo esemplare, essend completamente adulto, anzi vecchio, non attinge i 17 mill. di altezza ed il piu grande non sorpassa i 30. I lobi sono corti e rintuzzati e le nodulosità molto spiccate. Siamo debitori di una figura consimile, in piu grandi proporzioni, proveniente dall'isola di Milo (Ann. Mus. Civico di Genova 1878, p.20, f. 2, nel testo) e di altre utili cognizioni, al Prof. A. Issel. Negli stessi Annali 1877, io ho pubblicato un articolo che tratta delle mutazioni e dello stato giovanile dall' A. pespelecani. Questa nuova forma, che puo realmente considerarsi come specifica, si trova anche fossile nel pliocene di Altavilla presso Palermo. La forma fossile di Monte Pellegrino, non è nè l'una nè l'altra e potra distinguersi col nome di: alterutra.
• Aporrhais michaudi Locard, 1890

1892

Aporrhais pelecanipes Locard, 1892

1900

Aporrhais pelecanipes Locard, 1900, p. 38, fig. 16

Aporrhais pespelecani var. incrassata Locard & Caziot, 1900

1904

Chenopus pespelicani in Cossmann, 1904, pl. IV, fig. 3

• a pliocene specimen

1906

Aporrhais pes-pelecani in Kobelt, 1906, pl. CI, fig. 10, 11

Aporrhais pes-pelecani bilobatus in Kobelt, 1906, pl. CI, fig. 12, 13

Aporrhais pes-pelecani michaudi in Kobelt, 1906, pl. CI, fig. 14, 15

1914

• Aporrhais pespelecani var. vinitincta Coen, 1914

1931

• Aporrhais pespelecani var. bifida Coen, 1931
• Aporrhais pespelecani var. venetiana Coen, 1931
• Aporrhais pespelecani var. aculeus Coen, 1931

1970

• Aporrhais pespelecani oblongus Settepassi, 1970
• Aporrhais pespelecani robustissimus Settepassi, 1970

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There are 2 recent subspecies, named:

• Aporrhais pespelecani pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875)
  • Clément, 1875; Cat. moll. Gard, p. 10

Aporrhais pespelecani from southern Europe

Aporrhais pespelecani pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758)

1. Gammarth, Tunesia, beached, 1992, Coll. UW954
2. Torrevieja, Spain, by fisherman, 7/1973, Coll. UW1767
3. Fiumicino, Italy, 80-200 m sandy bottom, by fisherman, 2000, Coll. UW1973
4. South Portugal, by fisherman, 50-80 m, 2005, Coll. UW1946
5. Lissabon, Portugal, 1989, Coll. UW1614
6. Adra, Spain, beached, 1/1993, UW999
7. Fiumicino, Italy, 80-200 m sandy bottom, by fisherman, 2000, Coll. UW1975
8. Ventimiglia, Italy, by diver, 7/1980, Coll. UW577
9. Sicily, Italy, 1993, Coll. UW1180
10. Kos, Greece, dredged, 1993, UW1000
11. Torrevieja, Spain, by fisherman, 7/1973, Coll. UW1556
12. Sesimbra, Portugal, deep water, Coll. UW853
13. South Portugal, by fisherman, 50-80 m, 2005, Coll. UW2181
14. Monte Gordo, Portugal, 12/1991, Coll. UW973
15. Monte Gordo, Portugal, 12/1991, Coll. UW974

Aporrhais pespelecani from northern Europe

1. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Le Po, Quiberon, France, in oysterfarm, 4/1974, Coll. UW1615
2. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Henningsvaer, Lofoten, Norway, 2-6 m, 1989, Coll. UW1405
3. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Culatra, Isla de Farol, Faro, Portugal, Coll. UW1250
4. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); South of Island, by fisherman, 8/1971, Coll. UW1551
5. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); NW of Portugal, by fisherman, deep water, 1999, Coll. UW1953
6. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); NW of Portugal, by fisherman, deep water, 1999, Coll. UW1952
7. Aporrhais pespelecani pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758); East Scotland, Aberdeen, Coll. UW1804
8. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Waterford, Irish Sea, Ireland, by fisherman, 7/1985, Coll. UW1623
9. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); South of Island, by fisherman, 8/1971, Coll. UW1550
10. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Skagerrak, Danmark, by fisherman, 6/1996, Coll. UW834
11. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Skagerrak, Danmark, by fisherman, 6/1996, Coll. UW837
12. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); North Sea fishery, between Shetland and Lofoten(?), 1990, Coll. UW815
13. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Cardigan Bay, Irish Sea, England, 150 m, Coll. UW1582
14. Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement,1875); Doggerbank, North Sea, by fisherman, 7/1969, Coll. UW1589
15. Aporrhais pespelecani pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758); Scheveningen, Netherlands, 1988, Coll. UW972
16. Aporrhais pespelecani pespelecani (Linnaeus, 1758); Spuikom, Oostende, Belgium, in Oysterfarm, 1974, Coll. UW1553

Specimen 16 from Oostende (Belgium) is the Mediterranean form. It was found together with several other specimen in an oysterfarm. Following Kermarrec-Labisse, 1968, this form is introduced into the North Sea by importing young oysters from the Mediterranean Sea. Maybe this explains also the two other Mediterranean specimen 7 and 15 in the North Sea.

Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement, 1875); Irish Sea, Portmanock, Eire; 9/1960; ex Coll. U.Hecker, Coll. NMMz

1. subadult, 48 mm
2. subadult, 41 mm
3. adult, 40 mm

Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement, 1875); La Rochebonne Bank, Bay of Biscay, France; trawled at 80 m; 1985; Coll. Vanwalleghem

1. 44 mm
2. 47 mm
3. 43 mm
4. 45 mm

Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus (Clement, 1875); off Lundy Island, Bristol Channel, south west England, Great Britain; trawled at 30/40 fms; 1989; Coll. Vanwalleghem

1. 49 mm
2. 43 mm
3. 50 mm

Some strange forms of Aporrhais pespelecani (freaks):

1. senil, Fiumicino, Italy, 80-200 m sandy bottom, by fisherman, 2000
2. Lissabon, Portugal, 1989
3. East coast of Sithonia, Greece, beached, 1982, Coll. UW1379
4. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 5/2000, Coll. UW2085
5. Fiumicino, Italy, 80-200 m sandy bottom, by fisherman, 2000, Coll. UW1976
6. Saloniki, Greece, Coll. UW1559
7. East coast of Sithonia, Greece, beached, 1982, Coll. UW1380
8. Benicarola, Spain, by fisherman,Coll. UW793
9. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 2/1995, Coll. UW2063
10. Fiumicino, Italy, 80-200 m sandy bottom, by fisherman, 2000, Coll. UW2015
11. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 7/1994, Coll. UW1967
12. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 2/1995, Coll. UW1968
13. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 10/2001, Coll. UW2069
14. Sesimbra, Portugal, deep water, Coll. UW852
15. Torrevieja, Spain, by fisherman, 7/1973, Coll. UW1555
16. Malaga, Spain, by fisherman, 30-40m, 10/2001, Coll. UW2084

In Holocene and Pleistocene there is a form found in the North Sea that is very similar to the recent Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus. It can be found on Schiermannigkoog and Ameland. Those shells might come from Eemian (De Boer & de Bruyne, 1991)

Aporrhais pespelecani bilobatus, Raise site 't Kalf, Zaandam, Netherlands; Eemian, Holocene; 9/1969; Coll. Stoutjesdijk No. 2388a

1. 23 mm
2. 20 mm

La Rochebonne Bank, Bay of Biscay, France; trawled in 80 m; 7/1985; Coll. Vanwalleghem

1. Aporrhais pespelecani dead, mouth is the home of the worm Phascolion strombi.
2. Montacuta phascolionis, a bivalve living inside dead Aporrhais pespelecani (and other gastropods like Turritella communis) together with Phascolion strombi.
3. Evalea diaphana, a small pyramidellinid sometimes living in dead Aporrhais pespelecani together with Phascolion strombi. There seems to exist a morphological different form of Evalea diaphana living outside dead Aporrhais pespelecani.

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In the Pliocene of the North Sea basin Aporrhais pespelecani is found. It is called Aporrhais pespelecani quadrifida (Marquet, 1998), but there are doubts that this name is correct. It is shown on the following picture:

Strombus pes pelecani, Piacenza, Italy; Pliocene; Coll. Goldfuss-Museum Bonn

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Bucquoy. Dautzenberg and Dollfuss, 1884 described Aporrhais pespelecani var minor from the middle miocene of the Loire basin.

Aporrhais pespelecani cf. minor; Antwerp, Belgium; Scaldisian?, Pliocene?; 29 mm; Coll. Paläontologisches Museum Nierstein

Localities where A.p. minor is found:

• Manthelan, Le Louroux, Bossée (Le Carroi), Sainte-Maure (La Séguinière, Les Maunils), Sainte-Catherine de Fierbois (all in France)

Plesiotype: from Loc. Bossée, I.G. No 10591, I.R.Sc.N.B. No 2828

References:

• Glibert, 1949

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Biology

Aporrhais pespelecani is living on relative firm muddy gravel bottoms in depth from 10 to 200 m. The locomotion of Aporrhais pespelecani is a movement, as if it would run with sprags. It is described in Haefelfinger, 1968 and Kronenberg, 1991

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Etymology: Named by Carl von Linne as Strombus pes-pelecani. "Pes pelecani" means foot of the pelican.

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References

• Brocchi, 1814
• da Costa, 1778
• Risso, 1826
• Scilla, 1759
• Sowerby, 1859

• Yonge 1937
• Lebour 1933
• newFilippi 1987

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Sequences:

• Nucleotide
  • H3 (his3) gene, partial cds
  • cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, partial cds; mitochondrial
• Protein
  • histone H3
  • cytochrome oxidase subunit I

Internet

• The Marine Life Information Network for Britain and Ireland
• SIMonline Photo of live A. pespelecani
• OBIS-Record on A. pespelecani

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