Stromboidea

• Strombidae
  • Strombus
    • Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850

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Original Description of Strombus bifrons by Sowerby, 1850, p. 48:

• "Testa ovato-oblonga, utrinque acuminata, transversim striata, anfractibus octo, primis transversim costellatis, anticis duobus postice tuberculatis, serie tuberculorum unica, tuberculis acuminatis; apertura latiuscala; labio externo extus varice unica subdistincta intus ruguloso, labio columellari laevissimo."

Locus typicus: Yaqui valley, Dominican Republic (Freiheit & Geary, 2009)

Stratum typicum: Miocene

Measurements: height 49 mm, width 34 mm (lectotype)

Types: Lectotype, BMNH G83938 (see Freiheit & Geary, 2009:pl. 1, fig. 1-3)

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850, pl. IX, fig. 9

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Synonymy and History

1850

Strombus ambiguus Sowerby I, 1850:48

• Original description of Strombus ambiguus by Sowerby, 1850:
  • "Testa ovato-elongata, postice acuminata, transversim dense striata, anfractibus octo, primis transversim costellatis, anticis duobus tuberculiferis, tuberculis parvis, rotundatis; aperturâ latiusculâ, labio externo extus varice distinctâ, intus ruguloso, labio columellari intus postice ruguloso."
• Locus typicus: Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
• subjective synonym of Strombus bifrons according to Freiheit & Geary, 2009

Strombus ambiguus Sowerby, 1850; Lectotype; Miocene; Yaque river, Dominican Republic; Coll. BM(NH) no. G83939; Copyright BM(NH)

1873

Strombus pugilis Gabb, 1873:233 (in part) [non Strombus pugilis Linnaeus, 1758]

1920

Strombus cf. bifrons Maury, 1920:56-57.

1921

Strombus bifrons? Hubbard, 1921:144.

1922

Strombus ambiguus forma bifrons Pilsbry, 1922:367.

1972

Strombus pugiloides Perrilliat Montoya, 1972:65 [non Strombus pugiloides Guppy, 1873]

2009

Freiheit & Geary, 2009 analyze the morphology of Strombus bifrons

• "Although we retain a separate identity for S. bifrons and S. proximus, a number of transitional forms exist between these two species. It is possible that they are simply end members of a single highly variable species." (Freiheit & Geary, 2009)

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Specimens from institutional collections

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Bowden Formation, Pliocene; Bowden, Loc. NMB 10635, Jamaica; 70 mm; Coll. Jooss & Strasser, 3/1931; Coll. Naturhistorisches Museum Basel; Photo Virgilio Liverani

• SE coast. Port Morant, E side. Originally 5 localities within the Bowden Fm., in an area not exceeding 200 m2. No exact geographical data are given. Partly marked as B1-B5. All 5 localities must have been east of Port Morant (type locality of Bowden Fm)

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; NW coast of island, ca 300 m E of PJ 1917 (17832): silts with solitary corals and few scattered molluscs including pteropods, Escudo de Veraguas Island, Bocas del Toro, Panama (C.); 54 mm; Coll. NMB, loc no. 17833; Photo Virgilio Liverani

Strombus cf. bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Miocene; Coll. NMB, loc. no. PJ 1572

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Miocene; Dominican Republic; Coll. NMB

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Gurabo Formation, Miocene; Rio Mao 1, Cibao Valley, Dominicano Republic; Coll. Stichting Schepsel Schelp no. 27228

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Gurabo Formation, Miocene; Rio Mao 1, Cibao Valley, Dominicano Republic; Coll. Stichting Schepsel Schelp no. 27228

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Gurabo Formation, Miocene; Rio Mao 1, Cibao Valley, Dominicano Republic; Coll. Stichting Schepsel Schelp no. 27228

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; juvenile; Gurabo Formation, Miocene; Rio Mao 1, Cibao Valley, Dominicano Republic; Coll. Stichting Schepsel Schelp no. 27228

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Specimens from private collections

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Gurabo Formation, Miocene; Rio Gurabo, Dominican Republic; 37 mm; Coll. Virgilio Liverani

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Gurabo Formation, Miocene; locality TU1215, Dominican Republic; Coll. Gijs Kronenberg No. 6344

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Gurabo Formation, Miocene; Rio Gurabo, Dominican Republic; Coll. Elmar Mai

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Gurabo Formation, Miocene; Rio Gurabo, Dominican Republic; Coll. Elmar Mai

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Gurabo Formation, Miocene; Rio Gurabo, Dominican Republic; Coll. Elmar Mai

Strombus bifrons Sowerby, 1850; Bluff 1, Gurabo Formation, Late Miocene / Early Pliocene; Rio Mao, Cibao Valley, Dominican Republic; 41 mm; Coll. Adam Anderson

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Localities

• Rio Cana, Cibao Valley (Freiheit & Geary, 2009)
• Rio Gurabo, Cibao Valley (Freiheit & Geary, 2009)
• Rio Mao, Cibao Valley (Freiheit & Geary, 2009)
• Rio Amina, Cibao Valley (Freiheit & Geary, 2009)
• Arroyo Zelaya, Cibao Valley (Freiheit & Geary, 2009)
• Rio Yaque del Norte, Cibao Valley (Freiheit & Geary, 2009)
• Rio Verde (Rio Yaque del Norte) , Cibao Valley (Freiheit & Geary, 2009)

References

• M. del Carmen Perrilliat, F.J. Vega & M.A. Coutino, 2010. Miocene mollusks from the Simojovel area in Chiapas, southwestern Mexico; Journal of South American Earth Sciences 30 (2010) 111-119.
• G.B. Sowerby I, 1850

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