Canarium Stromboidea

• Strombidae
  • Canarium Schumacher, 1817

Type species by monotypy: Canarium ustulatum Schumacher, 1817:219 (= Strombus urceus Linnaeus, 1758)

Original Diagnosis of Canarium by Schumacher, 1817, p. 66:

• "Canarium: apertura linearis postice integerrima; rostrum breve, subrecurvum, canali aperto; labium externum acutum, iu dorso marginatum, antice lobo semiorbiculari; labium internum callosum aduatum, tortile."
• "Canaris: ouverture linéaire, entière par derrière; un bec court peu recourbé à canal ouvert; la lèvre externe tranchante avec rebord au dehors; par devant un lobe demiorbiculaire; la lèvre interne calleuse, adhérente et tortillée."

Original Description of Canarium by Schumacher, 1817, p. 219:

• "Testa oblonga; spira subelongata, acutiuscula. Apertura linearis, postice integerrima, coarctata; rostrum breve subadscendens, subrecurvum; canalis apertus; labium externum acutum, in dorso marginatum, antice lobo semilunari inter sinum sigmoideum et truncaturam obliquam, postice intergerrimum, interne substriatum; labium internum callosum, adnatum, columellaque tortilli antice substriatum. Canarium ustulatum."
• "Coquille un peu alongée; la spire élevée, aigue. Ouverture linéaire, entière par derrière et rétrécie; le bec court un peu montant ou recourbé; le canal ouvert; la lèvre externe tranchante avec un rebord au dehors, par devant un lobe demiorbiculaire entre le sinus et la tronquature oblique, entier par derrière, et un peu strié en dedans; la lèvre interne calleuse, attachée, et avec la columelle tortillée, plus ou moins striée par devant. Canaris brulé."

The species of Canarium are:

• Canarium bawenauruensis, Wissema, 1947
• Canarium betuleti (Kronenberg, 1991)
• Canarium erythrinum (Dillwyn, 1817)
• Canarium fusiforme (Sowerby, 1842)
• Canarium gendinganense (Martin, 1899)
• Canarium hellii (Kiener, 1843)
• Canarium ickeae Beets, 1987
• Canarium klineorum (Abbott, 1960)
• Canarium labiatum (Röding, 1798)
• Canarium maculatum (Sowerby, 1842)
• Canarium microurceus (Kira, 1959)
• Canarium mutabile (Swainson, 1821)
• Canarium ochroglottis (Abbott, 1960)
• Canarium olydium (Duclos, 1844)
• Canarium rembangense (Martin, 1899)
• Canarium rugosum (Sowerby, 1825)
• Canarium scalariforme (Duclos, 1833)
• Canarium spolongense (Martin, 1916)
• Canarium unifasciatum (Martin, 1884)
• Canarium urceus (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Canarium wilsonorum (Abbott, 1967)

Putative hybrids

• Canarium mutabile x urceus
• Canarium erythrinum x wilsonorum

History and Synonymy

Canarium Schumacher, 1817: Type species by monotypy: Canarium ustulatum Schumacher, 1817: 219 (= Strombus urceus Linnaeus, 1758)

• Syn.: Conarium Jousseaume, 1888: 174 [err. pro. Canarium?] [not Conorium as stated by Abbott, 1960: 63]
• Syn.: Fusicanarium Romagna Manoja, 1980 [nomen nudum]
• Syn.: Fusistrombus Bandel, 2007: 151 (TS by OD Strombus fusiformis)
• Syn.: Hawaiistrombus Bandel, 2007: 151 (TS by OD Strombus helli [sic])
• Syn.: Strombidea Swainson, 1840: 138

Reports

Rafael Picardal, 2013:

• Four different Canarium species are living in BM beach, Barangay San Jose, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines: Canarium urceus, Canarium mutabile, Canarium labiatum and Canarium microurceus

"Last year I went to the beach in Palawan at lowtide to hunt Canarium urceus for a soup called “Ginataang Sikad Sikad” (Sea Shells with Coconut Milk) and I got a bucket full of it."

• top: sea grass at lowtide at BM beach, Barangay San Jose, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines
• middle: children collecting Shells for Food (besides others: Canarium urceus and Canarium labiatum)
• bottom: left: my catch, right: soup called “Ginataang Sikad Sikad” (Sea Shells with Coconut Milk)

Canarium labiatum (top) and Canarium urceus (bottom) living in the same Habitat. Both are caught within just 15 mins in an area of probably 100-150 square meters.

Canarium sp., BM beach, Barangay San Jose, Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines

• 1.r: Canarium microurceus (rare)
• 2.r: Canarium mutabile (common)
• 3.r: Canarium labiatum (uncommon)
• 4.r: Canarium urceus (common)

Flavio Favero, October 2013

Canarium olydium (bottom right) and Canarium urceus (top) from Rawaii beach (Wiset road), south of Phuket Island, Thailand. Both Shells were found close together at extreme low Tide. Collected by myself, August, 23 2013.

Statistics

Basis: Coll. Philippe & Guido Poppe

References

• Jousseaume, F., 1888. Description des mollusques receullis par M. le Dr. Faurot dans la Mer Rouge et le Golfe d’Aden. Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France 1: 165-223.
• Liverani V. (2014) The superfamily Stromboidea. Addenda and corrigenda. In: G.T. Poppe, K. Groh & C. Renker (eds), A conchological iconography. pp. 1-54, pls 131-164. Harxheim: Conchbooks.