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Time Scale:
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Era
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Period
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Epoch
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Stage
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Age (Ma)
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Cenozoic
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Quaternary
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Holocene
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|
present-0,0117
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Pleistocene
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Upper
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0,0117-0,126
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Middle ("Ionian")
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0,126-0,781
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Calabrian
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0,781-1,806
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Gelasian
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1,806-2,588
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Neogene
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Pliocene
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Piacenzian
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2,588-3,60
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Zanclean
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3,60-5,33
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Miocene
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Messinian
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5,33-7,25
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Tortonian
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7,25-11,62
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Serravallian
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11,62-13,82
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Langhian
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13,82-15,97
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Burdigalian
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15,97-20,44
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Aquitanian
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20,44-23,03
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Paleogene
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Oligocene
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Chattian
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23,03-28,1
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Rupelian
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28,1-33,9
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Eocene
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Priabonian
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33,9-38
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Bartonian
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38-41,3
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Lutetian
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41,3-47,8
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Ypresian
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47,8-56
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Paleocene
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Thanetian
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56-59,2
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Selandian
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59,2-61,6
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Danian
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61,6-66
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Mesozoic
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Cretaceous
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Upper Cretaceous
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Maastrichtian
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66-72,1
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Campanian
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72,1-83,6
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Santonian
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83,6-86,3
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Coniacian
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86,3-89,8
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Turonian
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89,8-93,9
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Cenomanian
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93,9-100,5
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Lower Cretaceous
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Albian
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100,5-113,0
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Aptian
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113,0-125,0
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Barremian
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125,0-129,4
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Hauterivian
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129,4-132,9
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Valanginian
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132,9-139,8
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Berriasian
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139,8-145,0
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Jurassic
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Upper Jurassic (Malm)
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Tithonian
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145,0-152,1
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Kimmeridgian
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152,1-157,3
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Oxfordian
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157,3-163,5
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Middle Jurassic, (Dogger)
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Callovian
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163,5-166,1
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Bathonian
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166,1-168,3
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Bajocian
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168,3-170,3
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Aalenian
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170,3-174,1
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Lower Jurassic (Lias)
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Toarcian
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174,1-182,7
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Pliensbachian
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182,7-190,8
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Sinemurian
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190,8-199,3
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Hettangian
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199,3-201,3
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Triassic
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References
- Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2013 aktualisiert) The ICS International Chronostratigrafic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204. URL: http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2017-02.pdf
- Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M. D., and Ogg, G. M., eds., 2012, The geologic time scale 2012: Elsevier, 1,144 p.
- Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., and Smith, A. G., 2004, A geologic time scale 2004: Cambridge University Press, 589 p.
- Harlan, W. B., Armstrong, R. L., Cox, A. V., Craig, L. E., Smith, A. G., and Smith, D. G., 1990, A Geologic Time Scale 1989: Cambridge University Press, 263 p.
- Harlan, W. B., Cox, A. V., Llewellyn, P. G., Pickton, C. A. G., Smith, A. G., and Walters, R., 1982, A Geologic Time Scale: Cambridge University Press, 131 p.
- King, C. 2016. A revised correlation of Tertiary rocks in the British Isles and adjacent areas of NW Europe. Geological Society Special Reports vol. 27, Geological Society of London, pp. 724, Link
- Ogg, J. G., Ogg, G., and Gradstein, F. M., 2008, The concise geologic time scale: Cambridge University Press, 177 p.
- Remane, J., 2000, International stratigraphic chart, with explanatory note: International Union of Geological Sciences, 16 p., 1 chart.
- P. A. Ziegler, 1990. Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe; 2nd edition, Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B. V., The Hague, pp. 239.
Internet
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